Background: Multifocal (MF) and multicentric (MC) breast cancers, defined by the presence of multiple synchronous tumor foci within the same breast, present important diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic challenges. Historically considered a contraindication for breast-conserving therapy (BCT), advances in imaging, surgical techniques, and adjuvant therapy have reshaped management strategies. Methods: A narrative literature review was conducted through PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus, prioritizing ISI-indexed articles published within the last 10–15 years. More than 55 relevant studies, including systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and large cohorts, were analyzed to evaluate epidemiology, pathological features, imaging modalities, treatment outcomes, and prognosis of MF/MC breast cancers. Results: The reported incidence of MF/MC breast cancers ranges from 10% to 24%, increasing when MRI or whole-organ pathology is applied. MRI can detect otherwise occult additional foci in up to 30% of patients, improving staging accuracy but raising concerns of overdiagnosis. MF/MC presentation is strongly associated with lobular histology, younger age at diagnosis, and higher rates of axillary involvement—nodal positivity is observed in up to 45% of MF/MC cases versus 28% in unifocal tumors. Pathological analyses demonstrate frequent clonal origin of MF lesions, whereas MC lesions may represent independent primaries, occasionally with receptor heterogeneity that alters systemic therapy selection. From a prognostic perspective, older series suggested shorter breast cancer-specific survival (e.g., median 154 vs. 204 months for MF/MC vs. unifocal disease), and higher local recurrence with BCT. However, contemporary analyses, including a 2022 meta-analysis of 15,703 patients, demonstrated no significant difference in overall or disease-free survival once adjusted for tumor size and nodal status. Local recurrence remains slightly higher with BCT in MF/MC (5.6% vs. 4.2%), but outcomes are equivalent to mastectomy when radiotherapy is appropriately delivered. Five-year survival in early-stage MF/MC exceeds 90% with guideline-concordant multimodal therapy. Conclusions: MF/MC breast cancers represent a biologically heterogeneous entity. Optimal outcomes rely on precise imaging, complete excision, tailored systemic therapy, and multidisciplinary management, with increasing acceptance of breast conservation in selected patients.

Background: Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is the most common subtype of urinary incontinence in women and significantly their affects quality of life. Aim: The aim of this study was to summarize the current evidence about conservative (non-surgical) treatments for female SUI and outline their clinical applicability. Material and methods: A narrative review was performed using structured research involving medical databases over the last 15 years, including systematic reviews, randomized controlled trials, observational studies and key guidelines regarding pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT), electrical and tibial nerve stimulation, acupuncture, pharmacological therapies, local estrogen, pessaries and bulking agents. Results: PFMT represents the primary first-line therapy, with strongest evidence for reducing leakage episodes and improving quality of life when performed correctly and consistently. Other conservative options (electrical and tibial nerve stimulation, acupuncture, duloxetine, local vaginal estrogen, pessaries and bulking agents) may be efficient for selected patients, but generally they have a weaker or more heterogeneous evidence base. They are considered adjuncts or tailored alternatives when PFMT alone is insufficient, not feasible or not accepted. Conclusions: Conservative management, centered on PFMT, should be offered as initial treatment to most women with mild to moderate SUI, with additional modalities being used selectively according to symptom profile, comorbidities and patient preference. A stepwise, individualized approach can control symptoms in many women and may delay or avoid surgical therapy.

(1) Background: Crossed fused renal ectopia is a rare migration and fusion renal anomaly, more frequently affecting males, with an incidence of between 1:2000 and 1:7500 observed at autopsy. (2) Case presentation: This paper presents the case of a 34-year-old woman, IIIG IIIP, who presented to our clinic for a first-trimester screening evaluation. The risk calculation was performed using the Fetal Medicine Foundation’s first-trimester screening software, version 2.8.1. The screening indicated a low risk for aneuploidies, but the ultrasound scan revealed an empty right renal fossa in the standard coronal section. A more detailed axial examination raised the suspicion of crossed fused renal ectopia. No other anomalies were detected. The morphological scans conducted in the second and third trimesters confirmed and upheld the diagnosis initially established in the first trimester. The fetus did not develop any potential antepartum complications. The patient gave birth via caesarean section at 36 weeks to a live female infant, weighing 3000 g, with an APGAR score of 9 at 1 min. Postnatally, the first trimester diagnosis of the renal malformation was confirmed. (3) Conclusions: Crossed fused renal ectopia, probably the rarest renal migration anomaly, can be diagnosed as early as the first trimester of pregnancy.

Background: Induced abortion is a major component of reproductive health, with about one in four pregnancies worldwide ending in induced abortion and important implications for maternal morbidity and mortality. Romania’s history of restrictive pronatalist policies, very high post-1989 abortion rates, and subsequent family planning reforms provides an informative case for understanding abortion as a family planning strategy. Objectives: This narrative literature review synthesizes evidence on induced abortion with emphasis on Romania. It describes the evolution of abortion law and policy, summarizes epidemiological and maternal health outcomes, examines sociodemographic and psychosocial determinants of induced abortion, reviews psychological and psycho-sexual consequences, and discusses the role of non-stigmatizing terminology in clinical communication. Methods: This narrative literature review was informed by a structured literature search of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science Core Collection conducted on 20 May 2026. Publications from January 1990 to September 2024 were searched using terms related to induced abortion, family planning, Romania, maternal mortality and morbidity, abortion policy, psychosocial determinants, psychological outcomes, and stigma. Predefined eligibility criteria were used to identify relevant peer-reviewed studies and major institutional sources; additional historical and legal documents were considered for contextual framing. Additional recently published studies relevant to the review themes were identified through targeted update searches and reference-list screening up to 20 May 2026. Results: Restrictive policies and contraceptive bans in Romania were associated with extremely high abortion-related maternal mortality, whereas legal liberalization and integrated family planning programs led to marked declines in abortion rates and deaths. Abortion decisions reflect age, partnership, parity, education, employment and legal status. Psychological studies and major reviews report heterogeneous post-abortion experiences. These outcomes appear to be influenced primarily by pre-existing mental-health vulnerability, pregnancy intention and circumstances, social support, stigma, and decisional autonomy, rather than by the procedure alone. Also, terminology and conscientious objection practices can contribute to stigma and access barriers. Conclusions: Ensuring equitable access to contraception, safe abortion services, nonjudgmental counseling and neutral professional language appears essential for reducing preventable maternal morbidity and supporting reproductive autonomy.

Vulvar carcinoma is the fourth most common gynecological cancer, with squamous cell carcinoma being the most frequent type. Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) is a precursor lesion and is strongly associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. This paper presents two patients in their sixth decade of life, the first diagnosed with VIN 3 (carcinoma in situ) and the second with stage IA keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma. Both patients had HPV infection; immunohistochemistry confirmed HPV-dependent VIN3 in the first case, while the second patient had a pre-existing HPV high-risk 53 infection. Both patients underwent partial vulvectomy, with the second also having bilateral inguinal–femoral lymph node dissection, which showed no lymph node invasion. The first patient had a histopathological result of VIN 3 with clear margins. The second patient underwent adjuvant radiotherapy following restaging pathology. Both are showing favorable postoperative progress. Conclusions. The early diagnosis of vulvar neoplasms enables less radical but effective surgeries, balancing oncologic control with quality of life. A multidisciplinary approach is essential for adjusting treatments, improving both clinical outcomes and patient well-being.

Therapeutic termination of pregnancy (TToP) represents an intervention that is performed for medical reasons, such as risks to maternal health or severe fetal anomalies. Advances in prenatal screening and diagnostic tools—including serum markers, ultrasound, cell-free fetal DNA, chorionic villus sampling and amniocentesis—have significantly improved early detection and clinical decision-making. This narrative review synthesizes current knowledge on the genetic, environmental and psychosocial determinants that influence the decision of the patients to pursue TToP. The literature search was performed primarily using PubMed database, while Scopus and Google Scholar were used to identify additional relevant studies. Some of the selected studies, as well as certain sections of this review, address both therapeutic and voluntary termination of pregnancy, whereas others focus exclusively on TToP. Moreover, this review describes the types of abortion (medical or surgical/aspiration) along with their management strategies to prevent or address potential complications. It is well known that demographic, cultural and socio-economic factors continue to influence the access to TToP, as well as the perceptions of it. Psychiatric comorbidities (such as anxiety, affective and psychotic disorders) are observed with a higher prevalence among women undergoing TToP and may influence both the decision and psychological outcomes post-procedure. While most women report emotional relief after TToP, some of them experience depression, post-traumatic stress disorder or substance misuse. Legal and ethical considerations further complicate access to safe abortion, leading to situations where patients may resort to unsafe procedures, which result in higher rates of morbidity and mortality. Data from the EUROCAT network show rising trends in congenital anomalies like trisomy 13, trisomy 18 and caudal regression syndrome (conditions commonly associated with TToP). Therefore, it is mandatory to form a multidisciplinary team in these cases, integrating medical, psychological and ethical dimensions. Ensuring safe, evidence-based and compassionate access to TToP remains a critical component of reproductive healthcare.