Traditional microbial diagnostic methods face many obstacles such as sample handling, culture difficulties, misidentification, and delays in determining susceptibility. The advent of artificial intelligence (AI) has markedly transformed microbial diagnostics with rapid and precise analyses. Nonetheless, ethical considerations accompany AI adoption, necessitating measures to uphold patient privacy, mitigate biases, and ensure data integrity. This review examines conventional diagnostic hurdles, stressing the significance of standardized procedures in sample processing. It underscores AI’s significant impact, particularly through machine learning (ML), in microbial diagnostics. Recent progressions in AI, particularly ML methodologies, are explored, showcasing their influence on microbial categorization, comprehension of microorganism interactions, and augmentation of microscopy capabilities. This review furnishes a comprehensive evaluation of AI’s utility in microbial diagnostics, addressing both advantages and challenges. A few case studies including SARS-CoV-2, malaria, and mycobacteria serve to illustrate AI’s potential for swift and precise diagnosis. Utilization of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in digital pathology, automated bacterial classification, and colony counting further underscores AI’s versatility. Additionally, AI improves antimicrobial susceptibility assessment and contributes to disease surveillance, outbreak forecasting, and real-time monitoring. Despite a few limitations, integration of AI in diagnostic microbiology presents robust solutions, user-friendly algorithms, and comprehensive training, promising paradigm-shifting advancements in healthcare.

Aims: To evaluate health‐promoting behaviour among Saudi adults in the Jazan region during the COVID‐19 pandemic.Design: Cross‐sectional study design.Methods: Saudi adults (N= 305) completed an online survey from 23 April to 5 July 2020. The survey comprised demographic/social factors, COVID‐19 pandemic‐related factors and the Health‐Promoting Lifestyle Profile‐II.Results: On average, participants reported participating in health‐promoting behaviour ‘sometimes’. Only years of education was associated with participation in health‐promoting behaviour generally. Nutritional behaviours were positively correlated with sex, age and having a job before and/or after the pandemic and negatively correlated with the number of people in the household. Interpersonal relationships increased with age and years of education. Interpersonal relationships and stress management decreased among those who reported that the pandemic had negatively affected their income.Conclusion: Our results indicated that COVID‐19 factors are associated with Saudi adults' adoption of health‐promoting behaviour.

Introduction: Middle-aged women experience several changes that can affect their biological and psychosocial health. A healthy lifestyle is a fundamental requirement for achieving optimal health. Objectives: To examine the impact of psychosocial factors on health promotion behaviors among middle-aged women in Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive, correlational study design was used. One hundred and eighteen middle-aged women completed the demographic questionnaire, Stunkard Figure Rating Scale, Perceived Stress Scale, and Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile-II from September 2, 2020 to February 15, 2021. Multiple regression analysis was performed to estimate the impact of psychosocial factors on health promotion behaviors. Results: Participants “sometimes” engaged in health promotion behaviors. Spiritual growth scored the highest, whereas physical exercise scored the lowest. Most of the participants were dissatisfied with their body image and reported moderate levels of perceived stress. The participants were more likely to report a preferred body image that was smaller than their perceived body image. Perceived stress and body image were significantly correlated with the total score for health promotion behaviors. Perceived stress level, age, and menopause status were significant predictors of health promotion behaviors. The model significantly predicted all the health promotion behavior subscales, excluding nutrition. Conclusion: There were relationships between certain psychosocial predictors and health-promoting behaviors. This study can guide healthcare professionals in promoting middle adult women's adoption of health-promoting behaviors. More research can be conducted in Saudi Arabia to understand the health promotion behaviors of middle-aged women.

Background Despite advancements in understanding the impact of personal satisfaction on health, ambiguity persists regarding the concept of personal satisfaction. Purpose To elucidate the meaning of personal satisfaction. Method Walker and Avant's approach of concept analysis was used to guide the analysis. Databases were searched using the words “satisfaction” and “personal satisfaction.” A literature search was conducted in the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Scopus, and PsycINFO databases to locate articles on personal satisfaction. The “quick search” option available on the website of the Saudi Digital Library was utilized to find articles that pertain to nonhealth-related, fields. Findings Three defining attributes (the fulfillment of personal needs or wants, a positive affect, and a positive attitude) and three antecedents (personal needs or wants, the cognitive ability to judge or evaluate needs, and the freedom to decide how personal needs should be fulfilled) were identified. The study found that satisfaction improved health, quality of life, and productivity. Conclusion The theoretical definition provides a connotative meaning, and is the first step toward concept validation and instrument development. The Satisfaction with Life Scale and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale are examples of empirical definitions for personal satisfaction with life and self, respectively.

Middle-aged women (40–65 years old) experience several bio-psych-social changes that may impact how they feel about themselves. The desire to achieve the perfect body image may make women go through several physical and psychological problems, such as experiencing an eating disorder, having low self-esteem, and low self-confidence. This study aims to investigate body image satisfaction as a psychological reaction to age-related developmental changes among middle-aged women in Saudi Arabia. Descriptive design was used to collect responses from Saudi Arabian women between September and February 2021 using a self-report questionnaire. It consisted of the demographics section, Stunkard Figure Rating Scale, and Perceived Stress Scale. Data collection was conducted online through social media platforms. One hundred and eighteen middle-aged women completed the survey. Most participants were dissatisfied with their body image and reported moderate levels of perceived stress. The paired-sample t-test indicated that middle-aged women were more likely to have a perceived body image that was thinner than their actual body image (t = 13.581, p ≤ 0.0001). Years of education (r = −0.22, p-value = .02), having a chronic disease (r = 0.24, p-value = .01), and body image satisfaction (r = −0.26, p-value = .005) were significantly correlated with perceived stress. Age, years of education, and perceived stress were significantly impacting body image satisfaction. The increase in age (Risk = .473), educational level (Risk = .51), and perceived stress level (Risk = .59) decrease the likelihood of body image satisfaction. Developmental changes make it essential for nurses to develop comprehensive preventive programs that consider all biopsychosocial changes that middle-aged women undergo.