Background and Objectives: Extubation success in ICU patients is crucial for reducing ventilator-associated complications, morbidity, and mortality. The Rapid Shallow Breathing Index (RSBI) is a widely used predictor for weaning from mechanical ventilation. This study aims to determine the predictive value of serial RSBI measurements on extubation success in ICU patients on mechanical ventilation. Materials and Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted on 86 ICU patients at Hitit University between February 2024 and July 2024. Patients were divided into successful and unsuccessful extubation groups. RSBI values were compared between these groups. Results: This study included 86 patients (32 females, 54 males) with a mean age of 54.51 ± 12.1 years. Extubation was successful in 53 patients and unsuccessful in 33. There was no significant difference in age and intubation duration between the groups (p = 0.246, p = 0.210). Significant differences were found in RSBI-1a and RSBI-2 values (p = 0.013, p = 0.011). The median RSBI-2a was 80 in the successful group and 92 in the unsuccessful group (p = 0.001). The ΔRSBI was higher in the unsuccessful group (p = 0.022). ROC analysis identified optimal cut-off values: RSBI-2a ≤ 72 (AUC 0.715) and ΔRSBI ≤ −3 (AUC 0.648). RSBI-2a ≤ 72 increased the likelihood of successful extubation by 10.8 times, while ΔRSBI ≤ −3 increased it by 3.4 times. Using both criteria together increased the likelihood by 28.48 times. Conclusions: Serial RSBI measurement can be an effective tool for predicting extubation success in patients on IMV. These findings suggest that serially measured RSBI may serve as a potential indicator for extubation readiness.

The literature study was conducted by using the Web of Science (WoS) database, employing bibliometric analysis to examine all papers released from 1980 to 2020. The search was performed using the terms “sepsis, septicemia, septic shock” specifically within the titles of the publications. The findings of the literature research revealed a total of 51,725 articles. Out of the total number of publications, 26,896 articles were identified, accounting for 51.9% of the total. The bibliometric study revealed that the United States had the largest number of papers (8693), followed by China (2807), Germany (2299), France (1606), and the United Kingdom (1932). The writers that exhibited the most prolific output in terms of article production on the topic of sepsis were Vincent, with a total of 217 articles, followed by Wang P with 154 articles, and Chaudry IH with 126 articles. The University of Pittsburgh, Brown University, and the University of Michigan were identified as the most productive universities, in that order. The findings from the prediction model revealed that the projected number of articles to be published in 2021 is estimated to be 2086, while the projected number for 2030 is estimated to be 2637. The literature has predominantly focused on disease markers and diagnostic methods, severity and effects of the disease, immunity and inflammation, effects of the disease in neonates and the neonatal period, and treatment and care. According to trend analysis results, recent focus in sepsis research includes a broad spectrum of investigations such as mortality rates, prognostic determinants, diagnostic methods, biomarkers, epidemiological insights, critical care strategies, infections, treatment outcomes, emergency department scenarios, pediatric assessments, and antibiotic interventions.

This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of blood gas monitoring in anesthesia, focusing on various methods such as arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis, venous blood gas (VBG) analysis, and non-invasive monitoring techniques. The chapter discusses the importance of monitoring parameters like pH, PaCO₂, and PaO₂ during anesthesia to maintain respiratory and metabolic stability, and it highlights the differences between arterial and venous blood gases in clinical practice. Innovations in blood gas monitoring technologies, including transcutaneous monitoring, capnography, and artificial intelligence (AI)-supported digital systems, are explored, with emphasis on their impact on real-time decision-making and patient safety. The future role of artificial intelligence and digital platforms in enhancing blood gas analysis and preventing complications is also covered. Additionally, the chapter addresses the challenges of oxygen toxicity and acid-base imbalances during anesthesia and emphasizes the importance of early detection and intervention. The significance of postoperative blood gas monitoring in preventing respiratory failure and other complications is also discussed.

Background/aim: Transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block is a method for postoperative pain management. Studies on children are gradually increasing. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate effectiveness of TAP block on pain control, its side effects, and parental satisfaction levels in children. Material and methods: Study included patients operated between January 2019 and December 2020 in Gazi University Faculty of Medicine. Total of 97 patients (35 girls, 62 boys) between 5 and 18 years who had an ultrasound guided TAP block for lower abdominal or inguinal surgery were examined retrospectively. TAP block application time, hemodynamic variables, postoperative pain scores, postoperative analgesic requirement, sex, surgical history and satisfaction levels were evaluated. Results: The average application time of TAP block was 9.48 ± 3.4 and the time between TAP block and surgical incision was 12.06 ± 6.1 min. Pain scores in postanesthesia care unit (PACU) and at the postoperative first hour decreased as the time between TAP block and surgical incision increased (p < 0.05). Girls have higher pain scores at PACU than boys (p < 0.05). Previous surgical history increased postoperative 1st hour pain scores (OR: 13.8; 95% CI 1.7-113.3; p = 0.01). There was a significant negative correlation between pain scores at PACU, postoperative 1st, 2nd, 4th, 6th, 12th and satisfaction levels (r = -0.45, r = -0.56, r = -0.60, r = -0.54, r = -0.52, r = -0,43, respectively, p < 0.05). Conclusion: Ultrasound-guided TAP blocks can be performed safely in children in lower abdominal surgeries. However, the efficacy of TAP block on late term postoperative pain scores is limited. Time interval between the TAP block and the incision, sex, and pain memory, as well as other factors that may improve the quality of TAP block should be considered.

Healthcare systems contribute substantially to global greenhouse gas emissions, with operating rooms representing one of the most carbon-intensive areas of clinical practice. Although awareness of environmentally sustainable practices in perioperative care is increasing, the extent to which knowledge and attitudes are associated with sustainable behaviors among operating room professionals remains unclear. This multicenter cross-sectional survey with national scope was conducted among healthcare professionals working in operating room-related settings across Türkiye. Participants were recruited using a convenience sampling strategy. A structured, self-administered online questionnaire (based on self-reported responses) assessed knowledge, attitudes, and self-reported behaviors related to environmentally sustainable operating room practices. Knowledge, attitude, and behavior scores were analyzed as continuous variables. Correlation analyses and multivariable linear regression models were used to identify individual, professional, and institutional factors statistically associated with each domain. A total of 213 participants were included. Mean knowledge, attitude, and behavior scores were 6.23 ± 2.44, 19.0 ± 6.0, and 22.0 ± 6.0, respectively. Knowledge scores were positively associated with anesthesiology-related affiliation and specific clinical exposures and inversely associated with age and years of professional experience. Attitude scores were associated with obstetric operating room experience, prior sustainability-related training, and peer- and literature-based information sources. Behavior scores were independently associated with both knowledge and attitude scores and with the reported presence of an institutional carbon footprint-related training program. The reported presence of a formal institutional carbon footprint policy was not associated with higher knowledge or attitude scores and showed a negative association with knowledge in adjusted analyses. Operating room professionals in this multicenter survey demonstrated limited-to-moderate awareness and generally favorable attitudes toward environmental sustainability; however, variability in self-reported sustainable practices was observed. Knowledge and institutional variables were statistically associated with behavior scores, although causal inferences cannot be made. Given the convenience sampling design and reliance on self-reported data, findings should be interpreted with caution. These findings highlight the complexity of sustainability implementation in anesthesia and perioperative care and support the need for further implementation-focused and longitudinal research.

Amaç Papillertiroid kanserinde santral lenf nodlarının metastazının cerrahi öncesi saptanması zordur. Papiller tiroid kanserinin tedavisinde santral lenf nodu diseksiyonunun rolü belirsizliğini koruyor. Bu çalışma, papiller tiroid kanserli hastalarda preoperatif santral lenf nodu metastazı oluşumunu öngörmek için hazır preoperatif klinik özelliklere dayalı bir nomogram oluşturmayı amaçladı Gereç ve Yöntemler 2013-2022 tarihleri arasında bilateral total tiroidektomi yapılmış papillertiroid karsinomu tanılı hastalar tarandı ve 314 hasta çalışmaya dahil edildi. Hastaların demografik verileri, operasyon süresi, TSH, T3, T4 düzeyleri, glukoz/lenfosit oranları (GLR), patoloji raporlarındaki lenfovasküler invazyon, kapsül invazyonu ve boyun metastazı durumu retrospektif olarak taranarak not edildi. Tüm istatistiksel analizler için IBM SPSS 26.0 kullanılarak değerlendirildi. p