Endometriosis, a chronic estrogen-dependent disease, is associated with a risk of developing gynecological cancers. The mechanisms of this association remain unclear, but emerging evidence implicates key signaling pathways, including PI3K/AKT/mTOR and ARID1A alterations, in malignant transformation. This article examines current reports on the association between endometriosis and cervical, ovarian, and endometrial cancers, with particular emphasis on diagnostic challenges and molecular mechanisms. Imaging methods such as ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, and computed tomography (CT) are used for diagnosis, as well as biomarkers such as Cancer Antigen-125 (CA-125) and Human Epididymal protein 4 (HE4), but their specificity is limited, motivating research into novel molecular and non-invasive diagnostics. Laparoscopy is an invasive diagnostic method, serving as the gold standard for confirming the diagnosis. We discuss personalized clinical strategies, including risk-based surveillance for patients with atypical lesions or ARID1A alterations, and implications for ovarian cancer management in endometriosis. Prospective cohort studies will be necessary to further understand the complex mechanisms of endometriosis’s malignant transformation. Optimizing therapy and improving quality of life require a holistic, individualized approach to patient care. This review provides an integrated synthesis of epidemiological and molecular evidence, highlighting both established and emerging targets for diagnosis and treatment in endometriosis-associated malignancies.

Endometrial cancer is reported to be one of the most prevalent cancers of the female reproductive organs worldwide, with increasing incidence and mortality rates over the past decade. Early diagnosis is critical for effective treatment. Recently, there has been a growing focus on the role of nutrition and micronutrient and macronutrient status in patients with gynecologic cancers, including endometrial cancer. In the following paper, we have conducted an in-depth narrative literature review with the aim of evaluating the results of metallomic studies specifically concerning the micro- and macronutrient status of patients with endometrial cancer. The main objective of the paper was to analyze the results regarding the nutritional status of endometrial cancer patients and describe the role of chosen elements in the onset and progression of endometrial carcinogenesis. Further, we have focused on the evaluation of the usage of the described elements in the potential treatment of the abovementioned cancer, as well as the possible prevention of cancer considering proper supplementation of chosen elements in healthy individuals. Calcium supplementation has been proposed to reduce the risk of endometrial cancer, although some studies offer conflicting evidence. Deficiencies in phosphorus, selenium, and zinc have been inversely associated with endometrial cancer risk, suggesting they may play a protective role, whereas excessive levels of iron, copper, and cadmium have been positively correlated with increased risk. However, the molecular mechanisms by which these elements affect endometrial carcinogenesis are not fully understood, and current findings are often contradictory. Further research is needed to clarify these relationships and to evaluate the potential of nutritional interventions for the prevention and treatment of endometrial cancer.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common liver cancer as well as the most prevalent cause of death in the adult patient population with cirrhosis. The occurrence of HCC is primarily caused by chronic liver inflammation that might occur because of a viral infection, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), or various lifestyle-associated factors. The objective of this review was to summarize the current knowledge regarding the microenvironment of HCC, indicating how immune- and non-immune-cell stroma might affect the onset and progression of HCC. Therefore, in the following narrative review, we described the role of tumor-infiltrating neutrophils, bone-marrow-derived cells, tumor-associated mast cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts, tumor-associated macrophages, liver-sinusoidal endothelial cells, lymphocytes, and certain cytokines in liver inflammation and the further progression to HCC. A better understanding of the HCC microenvironment might be crucial to introducing novel treatment strategies or combined therapies that could lead to more effective clinical outcomes.

The human body is colonized by trillions of microorganisms in a symbiotic relationship. The oral cavity represents one of the most abundant microbial habitats in our body. Advances in sequencing techniques provide a more detailed understanding of the oral microbiota and how imbalances between bacteria, the phenomenon of dysbiosis, can affect not only the development of dental caries or inflammation within the oral cavity but also systemic diseases and cancers in distant locations. This narrative review evaluates the relationship between oral microbiota and its impact on gastrointestinal cancers. Using the keywords “oral microbiota ‘AND’ gastrointestinal cancers”, the PubMed Web of Science and Scopus databases were searched for articles published between 2014 and 2024. Based on the review, the relationship between oral microbiota and oral, esophageal, gastric, colorectal, hepatocellular, and pancreatic cancers was described. Potential oncogenic mechanisms exploited by the microbiota such as the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, induction of abnormal immune responses, and disruption of cell metabolic pathways were assessed. Further research and a thorough understanding of the impact of the oral microbiota on the development of cancers of the gastrointestinal tract may play a key role in their prevention, diagnosis, and treatment in the future.

Occurrence of pregnancy puts a woman in a completely new situation not only physically, but also psychologically and socially. The process of adaptation to pregnancy is individual, depending on a number of factors such as age, current life plans, family and professional situation, or the ability to adapt emotionally. The aim of the study was to assess the degree of adaptation of pregnant women while determining the factors that can affect this process. The analysis considered education, professional activity, standard of living, housing conditions, number of past pregnancies, assessment of marriage/relationship, and parameters of sexual life included in the McCoy Female Sexuality Questionnaire (MFSQ). In the studied group of respondents, factors facilitating women’s adaptation to pregnancy were professional activity and satisfaction with their partner in terms of sexual relations. This process was negatively affected by having children.

Background: Antibiotics are one of the most commonly used groups of drugs worldwide. Besides their crucial role in the treatment of various infectious diseases, they may also cause adverse drug reactions.Aim of the study: In this narrative review, we aimed to present renal complications related to the use of different groups of antibiotics.Material and methods: The review was conducted by searching the PubMed and Google Scholar databases for articles published from 1981 to 2023. Original research articles, randomized controlled trials, case reports, and review articles were included in the study. The keywords used during the literature search included the following: antibiotics adverse drug reactions, nephrotoxicity and antibiotics, urinary tract complications and antibiotics, beta-lactams, penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems, sulphonamides, aminoglycosides, glycopeptides, and fluoroquinolones.Results: The results indicate various renal and urinary tract complications related to antibiotic use, and the severity of these complications may differ. Furthermore, different groups of antibiotics present different spectra of adverse drug reactions, and some side effects have been reported to be extremely rare. Urine crystallization, glomerular damage, and negative effects on the proximal and distal tubules were the most common adverse drug reactions related to the urinary tract. Acute kidney injury (AKI) was primarily observed during therapy with penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems, aminoglycosides, and glycopeptides.Conclusions: Based on the results of the reviewed studies, renal adverse drug reactions may be caused by the use of various groups of antibiotics, including beta-lactams, sulphonamides, peptide antibiotics, and fluoroquinolones.