The Turkish textile and clothing (TTC) industries, which are mainly made of small and medium enterprises (SMEs), are the main source of export for the Turkish economy since the end of 1980s. The introduction of digital technologies has changed the competition for the TTC industries and this change has been accelerated after the covid-19 pandemic. Digitalization of SMEs is accepted as a social and technical process in which organizational learning is the main actor and therefore, the aim of this research is to explore the relation between organizational learning, digitalization, and internationalization for TTC industries. A parallel-results convergent mixed method approach in which qualitative and quantitave analysis are performed seperately and integrated later is applied in this research. The data of the research were collected by semi-structured interviews and survey questionnaires, which are analyzed in MAXQDA and analysis of moment structures.

This paper examines the internationalization dynamics of the Turkish HVAC industry in Germany through a qualitative design based on 24 semi-structured interviews with senior executives. The analysis demonstrates that conformity with EU and German standards, product quality, and continuous innovation are decisive drivers of international expansion. At the same time, economic volatility and regulatory complexity constitute major constraints. Organizational capabilities—particularly internationally experienced managers, R&D capacity, and strategic partnerships—are shown to enhance firms’ competitiveness. Furthermore, diaspora networks provide relational capital that facilitates trust and market embeddedness. The study contributes to international business literature by identifying critical success factors for Turkish HVAC firms in a highly competitive European context.

Fast fashion, which is very popular amongst the young generation, is facing criticisms about ignoring and damaging the social and environmental aspects of sustainability recently. The aim of this research is to understand the behaviors and attitudes of Turkish Generation Z toward sustainability strategies of the fast fashion brands. Qualitative research method as an exploratory research model was used and in-depth interviews were conducted with 15 different participants. The main outcome of the research is that Gen Z is not finding fast fashion companies sincere in their sustainability approaches and although Gen Z cares about sustainability, they experience an attitude-behavior gap, which is explained by the lens of cognitive dissonance theory.