The current investigation was taken to screen the phytoconstituents present in fruit endocarp various extracts of Nephelium lappaceum commonly called as Rambutan fruit and its anticancer property against human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG-2) cells. Different analytical techniques including qualitative phytochemical analysis, cell viability assay (MTT), apoptotic nuclear staining (DAPI), DNA fragmentation assay, Attenuated total reflection (ATR) and Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) spectral analysis were carried out. ATR and GC–MS study revealed the presence of functional groups and 9 compounds, respectively in methanol endocarp extract. The results obtained depicts that methanol endocarp extract profoundly controlled cell proliferation and caused shrinkage of HepG-2 cells from polygonal to spherical shape. DAPI staining revealed that methanol endocarp extract caused increased fragmentation of nucleus and DNA fragmentation, which can be taken as a sign of apoptosis. The anticancer potential of methanol fruit endocarp extract of Nephelium lappaceum than other extracts and could be used successfully in future drug delivery systems and other biomedical concerns.

The current study focused on assessing the outcome of methanol extract of Chaetomorpha antennina (MECA) on the growth performance and immune modulation in both specific and non-specific immune responses through the assessment of neutrophil, serum lysozyme, serum myeloperoxidase, antiprotease, ceruloplasmin, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) activity in Labeo rohita (rohu) at 28 days post treatment along with assessment of the disease resistance capacity against Edwardsiella tarda at 30days post immunization. Fishes (n = 144; average weight 50.0 ± 0.23 g) were evenly divided into four treatments, with 12 fishes per tank in triplicates. The MECA was injected intraperitoneally in the fishes at different doses as 0, 25, 75, and 150 mg/kg of the body weight. The results demonstrated that fish treated with MECA have an increased body weight, specific growth rate, and feed conversion ratio (p < 0.05) with respect to the control group. Results suggested that the MECA inclusion can significantly enhance (p < 0.05) the levels of serum lysozyme, neutrophil function, serum antiprotease activity, cellular RNS, and ROS production. Exposure to MECA of 75 mg/kg showed a significantly higher survival percentage against E. tarda disease infection. These results indicate MECA as a stimulant of immunity in L. rohita against E. tarda. The results suggested that MECA is a potent immunostimulant in finfish aquaculture and can offer higher economic welfare.

Pharmaceutical pollution is an emerging concern in the world. Major manufacturing units of pharmaceutical companies are successfully running in the developed countries like the USA, UK, Canada, Germany, Australia, Ireland, and Japan and the developing countries like China, India, Brazil, Argentina, and Thailand. Pharmaceutical compounds are entering into the ecosystem finally end up in the drinking water as well as in the food web. Excessive usage of antibiotics for animals, as well as huma

Pisonia alba is used for the long period in various chronic diseases in traditional medicine use. To desire of this review is to search literature for the pharmacological properties toxicity studies, pharmacology studies and phytochemical exploration of anti-inflammation, antidiabetic studies,antioxidant, etc., and the amassed data may be helpful for the researchers to attention on the significance areas of research yet to be revealed. Widespread information about the plant has been together from various books, journals and ayurvedic classical texts, etc. Researcher and pharmacologist and Ayurveda treatment may be helpful security of the whole plant was settled in the criticism.Keywords: Pisonia alba, Antioxidant, Ayurvedic, Novel drug, Ethno botanical.

The current study evaluated the effects of a methanol extract from Chaetomorpha aerea (a green alga) on non-specific immune responses and resistance against Edwardsiella tarda infection in Labeo rohita. Different doses of the extract (5, 50 and 500 mg/kg of body weight) were injected into the fish intraperitoneally while a control group was injected with 0.2 mL of sterile physiological salt solution. Variations in several immunostimulatory parameters (i.e., neutrophil, serum lysozyme, myeloperoxidase, serum antiprotease, and ceruloplasmin activity), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) were assessed after 7, 14, 21, and 28 days of post stimulation. E. tarda culture was injected into the fish after 28 days of post stimulation to induce infection to monitor fish mortality within 14 days. Interestingly, all doses of methanolic extract enhanced neutrophil, lysozyme, and myeloperoxidase activity, ROS and RNS, while a dose of 50 mg/kg was the most effective. Fish injected with this optimal dose were also protected against infection with virulent strain of E. tarda. The results of the study suggest that C. aerea extract is a potential prophylactic agent against bacterial infections in finfish.