Zygophyllum fabago L. is traditionally used in folk medicine due to its antimicrobial, antifungal, and anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of this study was to conduct a comprehensive morphological, anatomical, phytochemical, and microbiological investigation of Z. fabago collected in the Zhetysu region of Kazakhstan and to evaluate the cytotoxic potential of its extract. Morphological and microscopic analyses of the aerial parts were performed to establish diagnostic characteristics of the plant material. A 70% ethanolic extract obtained by ultrasonic extraction was subjected to GC-MS and LC-MS analyses, quantitative phytochemical assessment, and elemental profiling. The extract was further fractionated using solvents of different polarity. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated against selected clinically relevant bacterial and fungal strains, while cytotoxicity was assessed using the Artemia salina model. Phytochemical analyses tentatively identified a diverse range of secondary metabolites, including flavonoids, sterols, triterpenoids, fatty acids, and other bioactive constituents, together with appreciable levels of phenolic compounds and mineral elements. Several solvent fractions exhibited antimicrobial activity against the tested microorganisms. In the Artemia salina assay, no detectable toxicity was observed for the ethanolic extract under the tested conditions. The results provide pharmacognostic and phytochemical data for Z. fabago collected in Kazakhstan and demonstrate the presence of diverse bioactive constituents. The observed antimicrobial activity and low toxicity in the applied screening model suggest that this species may represent a potential source of biologically active compounds and warrants further phytochemical, pharmacological, and toxicological investigations.

Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the development of chronic and degenerative diseases due to an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and endogenous antioxidant defenses. Arcangelisia flava (Menispermaceae), a traditional medicinal plant widely used in Southeast Asia, is rich in furanoditerpenes with reported antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. This study aimed to elucidate the multitarget molecular mechanisms of A. flava furanoditerpenes using an integrated network pharmacology and molecular docking approach. Target prediction was performed using the SuperPRED database, while oxidative stress and inflammation-related genes were retrieved from GeneCards. Protein interaction analysis identified ten hub genes, including AKT1, TNF, EGFR, MTOR, and MAPK3, which are primarily involved in redox regulation and inflammatory signaling. Gene Ontology and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses highlighted the PI3K-Akt, MAPK, and NF-κB pathways as key regulatory mechanisms. Molecular docking validation demonstrated that jatrotthizine exhibited strong binding affinity to PI3K (PDB ID: 4HVB; –9.08 kcal/mol), comparable to the native inhibitor, with interactions involving critical catalytic residues. These findings confirm network pharmacology predictions and suggest that A. flava furanoditerpenes exert antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects by coordinating modulation of the PI3K-Akt-NF-κB signaling axis. This study provides molecular evidence supporting the traditional use of A. flava and identifies jatrotthizine as a promising lead compound for further pharmacological development.