Aluminum alloy 6082-T6 is an important material for manufacturing the outer skin of high-speed trains, and laser shock forming can realize the rapid forming of complex-shaped plates. In order to improve the efficiency of the simulation modeling of laser shock forming for aluminum alloy 6082-T6, Python scripting language was used for the secondary development of Abaqus. A plugin was utilized to simulate and analyze the laser shock forming process of aluminum alloy 6082-T6. The coordinates of the plate after laser impact molding were measured using a coordinate measuring machine to calculate the arc bow height of the plate. The accuracy of the simulation model was verified by comparing with the simulation results. The deformation characteristics of plastic strain and arc height of aluminum alloy 6082-T6 under different laser process parameters were analyzed. The simulation plugin has a concise interface, high operability, and accurate results with the other parameters unchanged. When the laser energy is 5 J, 6 J, and 7 J, the corresponding arc heights are 5.9 mm, 6.6 mm, and 7.2 mm, respectively. As the thickness of the sheet increases, the deformation changes from concave at 1 mm to convex at 2 mm, 3 mm, 4 mm, and 5 mm. As the spot size increases from 1 mm to 5 mm, the transmission mode of the shock wave gradually changes from spherical wave to planar wave, and the arc height of the sheet increases from 4.6 mm to 8.2 mm. With the increase in the spot overlap rate, the impact area accumulates residual stress, and the arc height of the sheet is 5.7 mm, 6.6 mm, 7.3 mm, and 8.5 mm, respectively. The secondary development of ABAQUS 2021 using Python 3.6 scripting language has improved the efficiency of simulation modeling and provided reference for rapidly predicting the deformation characteristics of aluminum alloy 6082-T6 under different laser process parameters.

In order to investigate the laws of the laser peening forming process and the effects of laser peening on the surface quality and tensile properties of 5083 aluminum alloy, experiments were conducted utilizing various laser peening paths, energies, and plate thicknesses. Subsequently, laser peening forming experiments were performed on S-shaped and different shapes of aluminum alloy substrates. The impact of different laser peening durations on surface morphology and tensile properties was then analyzed. Results indicated that the largest bending deformation perpendicular to the laser peening path reached 12.5 mm. In cases where the laser peening path was inclined relative to the horizontal direction, torsional deformations were observed in the aluminum alloy plate. For laser energy levels of 5 J, 6 J, and 7 J, deformation amounts were 3.8 mm, 4.9 mm, and 5.4 mm, respectively. Plates with thicknesses of 4 mm exhibited convex deformation, while those with 2 mm thickness showed concave deformation. Furthermore, following one and two laser peening cycles, the residual stresses in the alloy plates were −80 MPa and −107 MPa, the surface hardness increased by 16 HV and 31 HV, the roughness increased by 2.495 μm and 3.615 μm, and the tensile strength increased by 9.5 MPa and 18.5 MPa, respectively.