Throughout their lifetimes, bridges are exposed to various forces that may lead to displacement and deformation, potentially compromising their structural integrity. Monitoring their structural integrity under environmental factors is essential for safety and maintenance under these conditions. This aspect is a fundamental component of Structural Health Monitoring (SHM). Many studies focus on Structural Health Monitoring (SHM), employing various theories, methodologies, and technologies that have advanced rapidly due to the expansion of information technology. The objective of this study is to pinpoint areas where research is lacking in the existing literature on the environmental factors that impact the displacement of bridges, along with the techniques and technology used to monitor these structures. To achieve this objective, the most critical environmental factors and technologies, particularly those that are sensor-based, have been identified through a systematic search of the most popular databases. Subsequently, the study utilized a bibliometric analysis, exploring the challenge and prospective research areas reflected in the specialized literature. The findings indicate a lack of scholarly investigation of environmental factors that influence the Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) of bridges, in particular studies regarding the effect of uneven sunlight on structures. The research provides a comprehensive understanding of the Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) of bridges and has practical implications for developing effective monitoring methodologies.

The impact of temperature on bridges represents one of the main long-term challenges of structural health monitoring (SHM). Temperature is an environmental variable that changes both throughout the day and between different seasons, and its variations can induce thermal loads on bridges, potentially resulting in considerable displacements and deformations. Therefore, it is essential to obtain current data on the impact of daily and seasonal temperature variations on bridge displacements. Unfortunately, the maintenance costs associated with using precise estimates of thermal loads in a bridge design are quite high. The introduction of more accessible structural monitoring services is imperative to increase the number of observed structures. Viable solutions to make SHM more efficient include minimizing the costs of equipment, sensors, data loggers, data transmission systems, or monitoring data processing software. This research aims to improve the time intervals for collecting data on external temperature variations measured on a bridge structure through a sensor-based detection system and the integration of results into a regression analysis model. The paper aims to determine the appropriate interval for capturing and transmitting the structural response influenced by temperature variations over a year and to develop a behavioral mathematical model for the concrete structural components of a monitored bridge. The structural behavior was modeled using the statistical software TableCurve 2D, v.5.01. The results indicate that extending the data collection periods from 15 min to 4 h, in a static regime, maintains the accuracy of the regression model; instead, the effects of this integration are a significant reduction in the costs of data collection, transmission, and processing. The practical implications of this study consist of improving the monitoring of the structural behavior of bridges and the prediction under thermal stress, aiding in the design of more resilient structures, and enabling the implementation of efficient maintenance strategies.

The paper presents an application of the methodology used in the paper "Synthetic analysis of geoinformatics technologies for cultural heritage conservation, methodological approach". The creation of the 3D model of the Rakoczi-Banffy Castle in Urmeni., Bistri.a Nasaud County, was done by applying and integrating Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) technologies and aerial photogrammetry performed with an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). Agisoft Photoscan was used to compare the results and then they were compared with the images scanned using CloudCompare software. Thus, following the performance, with the help of the mentioned software, of a series of processing of the point cloud obtained, through the two imaging technologies, the error between the points belonging to the point cloud taken with UAV and the one taken with Laser Scanner was between 1 and 15 mm, the margin of error being acceptable for monuments without complex architectural details, so that the point cloud resulting from UAVs can be used successfully in this activity. The aim of the paper is to elaborate a geomatic methodology with an optimized cost-quality ratio, later replicable in the analysis of the current state of other constructions of the same type, knowing that over 600 castles in Transylvania alone are in a similar state, and such cases can be found in other Central European states as well.

Currently in Transylvania there are over 600 castles, considered monuments belonging to the world or national heritage. Some of them have disappeared, some are in an advanced degradation, the vast majority being in different stages of degradation, but recoverable, through very expensive investments. The first condition for them to start a program of recovery and put them again in the tourist and cultural circuit is to know exactly the state in which they are, to evaluate the costs. The development of geomatics technologies now allows for the high fidelity assessment of this aspect. These included Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Total Stations + Levels precision, terrestrial and aerial photogrammetry, laser scanners with fixed stations, for each presenting technical data and products analyzed sequentially and corroborated-complementary. The purpose of the entire action was to establish a Workflow as dedicated as possible to the requests of the specialists involved in such projects, architects, builders, restorers, historians, cultural people, etc. The paper can highlight a model of good practices in this field, the researches continuing, by consulting the beneficiaries of products from the range offered through these activities.

Landslides are a significant geological phenomenon with the potential for catastrophic consequences. There are numerous potential causes of landslides, including both natural and man-made ones. Their growing frequency raises alarm due to the often catastrophic consequences of these events. The monitoring of regions prone to landslides is a multifaceted undertaking that involves the use of several technologies and approaches, such as geospatial technology and modeling. The primary objective of this work is to construct a spatial analysis model for a region in north-western Romania that is susceptible to landslides. A case study was conducted to estimate the susceptibility of landslides in a monitored region located near Sighetu Marmației, Romania. To achieve this objective, a combination of several technologies and approaches were used, such as remote sensing, land surveying, aerial photogrammetry, geographic information systems, and spatial modeling. The research region underwent landslide susceptibility evaluation by processing geo-information data using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and developing a prediction model based on the MaxEnt (Maximum Entropy) approach. The research’s distinctive contribution is integrating geo-information data acquired from the hazardous site utilizing geomatics methods into a novel geo-monitoring system. The research offers valuable insights into the monitoring of landslides, adding to the current body of literature by introducing an expanded paradigm. The study’s theoretical and practical implications might be valuable for professionals, local authorities, emergency response agencies, and other parties involved in mitigating the danger of landslides.

Monitoring hazardous phenomena is a fundamental requirement of disaster risk management. Using new geomatic technologies integrated into complex geo information systems represents an innovative method of strengthening collaboration between stakeholder groups that aim at reducing the risk of disasters. This paper aimed to investigate the factors of adapting a geomonitoring information system for landslides in the cross-border area of Hungary, Slovakia, Ukraine, and Romania; the analysis was carried out in the case of the cross-border project, GeoSES. This study developed and empirically tested a novel UTAUT model based on the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology. PL-SEM (partial least-squares structural equation modeling) was used to test the model’s hypotheses. The data were collected by employing an online questionnaire on a target group of beneficiaries of the GeoSES project, in which the geomonitoring information system was proposed as an innovative solution to landslide management and disaster risk reduction. This study’s importance and added value reside in the theoretical and practical implications of the proposed model for predicting the beneficiaries’ adaptation of the landslide monitoring system. The results have shown that the GeoSES project beneficiaries coming from four neighboring nations are willing to utilize the integrated monitoring systems, which is one of the strengths of the collaborative efforts focused on mitigating risks and managing disasters in this region.