The Transylvanian region of Romania is a place of rich history since ancient times, where the original natural environment around architectural heritage sites or buildings has not been severely altered by urban development. Unfortunately, many such places are left by the authorities to degrade or totally collapse for lack of funds, vision or initiatives. The current paper addresses the potential of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) in the assessment of a viable and feasible prospect of restoration on a 19th century mansion that belonged to a nobiliary family. UAV use is rising in many industries and has become very popular in the last decade, but for survey engineering and related domains they represent a quantum leap in technology. Integrating UAV-acquired data and structure from motion software, has enabled modern techniques to obtain useful metrics from the field, accurate photorealistic 3D models for visual inspection, structural damage analyses, architectural rehabilitation-restoration, conservation and spatial analysis of the surrounding area. In this work a socio-cultural planning and design process is explored and presented to improve the local community and inclusion in a tourist circuit based on the regional potential, as well as an evaluation of accessibility derived from a vector-raster database that highlights the central position of the cultural heritage in regards to the axis of circulation between the important metropolitan areas and the local tourist attractions. This established workflow of modern topographic and construction measurements is fully integrable into the architectural process, building information modelling, heritage conservation and reconstruction.

In the highly populated analysed territory, the expansion of the construction zones and the pressure imposed on the slopes by the housing and transport infrastructure led to the appearance and reactivation of mass movement processes that affects the population and the environment. The purpose of this study consist in applying the principles of bivariate statistical analysis in order to determine the dynamic potential of a territory, taking into account the statistical relationship between the independent variables represented by predisposing and triggering factors of landslides (slope, geology, land use etc.) and dependent variables, in this case: landslides. The identification of the degree of validation of the results was determined by calculating the AUROC (Area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic) value, whose value of 0.854 highlights the representativeness of the chosen model. The analysis of landslides susceptibility highlights the inclusion of the territory represented by the hills surrounding Cluj-Napoca metropolitan area, Romania, on the classes of spatial occurrence of these processes.

Throughout their lifetimes, bridges are exposed to various forces that may lead to displacement and deformation, potentially compromising their structural integrity. Monitoring their structural integrity under environmental factors is essential for safety and maintenance under these conditions. This aspect is a fundamental component of Structural Health Monitoring (SHM). Many studies focus on Structural Health Monitoring (SHM), employing various theories, methodologies, and technologies that have advanced rapidly due to the expansion of information technology. The objective of this study is to pinpoint areas where research is lacking in the existing literature on the environmental factors that impact the displacement of bridges, along with the techniques and technology used to monitor these structures. To achieve this objective, the most critical environmental factors and technologies, particularly those that are sensor-based, have been identified through a systematic search of the most popular databases. Subsequently, the study utilized a bibliometric analysis, exploring the challenge and prospective research areas reflected in the specialized literature. The findings indicate a lack of scholarly investigation of environmental factors that influence the Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) of bridges, in particular studies regarding the effect of uneven sunlight on structures. The research provides a comprehensive understanding of the Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) of bridges and has practical implications for developing effective monitoring methodologies.

In the case of forests located in the close proximity of urban centres, the functions and conventional roles of the forests have to be largely reconsidered. An experimental study area was located in Făget Forest, near the city of Cluj-Napoca, North-West of Romania, as a subject to evaluate different natural risks, especially landslides. Although most of this area is stabilized, human activity became in the last period the most aggressive and active factor that can induce changes in slopes stability. The evaluation based on new changes on the terrain and constructions has clearly revealed the effect of the unprecedented urban sprawl and the expansion of infrastructure elements and residential buildings. Landslide susceptibility map was elaborated using a multivariate statistical analysis and the Geographical Information System (GIS) technology on a predetermined path inside the forest, as well as obtaining valuable information about the tree species. Based on 14 surveys, each of them covering an area of 500 m2 on a longitudinal transect of the forest, there were identified relatively few tree species with a significant share: Carpinus betulus (42.9%), Fagus sylvatica (24.9%), Quercus petraea (23.2%), Q. robur (6.3%), Prunus avium (1.2%). Their positive roles on avoiding or limiting the flow on slopes, flooding, landslides etc. are different depending on the position, terrain, forest composition, trees density, slope, exposition, but it is fundamental beneficial. However, these species can assure productive (as wood), ameliorative, ecological, landscape, cultural, educational, relaxation roles, and consequently inestimable values.

Floods are natural disasters that cause damage, loss of life, and economic problems throughout the world. Part of these losses can be minimized with the help of different methodologies and tools used to prepare simulations, analyses, and data monitoring to predict such phenomena in time. The metropolitan area of Cluj-Napoca, Romania, is the study area of this paper and it is located in Floresti, the largest rural settlement in Romania. In this area, changes in urbanization, land use, and the expansion of urban areas in a chaotic mode represent a problem. This study focuses on an area prone to flooding due to its proximity to the Somes River. Previous events of this type have caused economic losses that must be considered. This approach combines photogrammetric methods for obtaining data from the field with topographical methods for establishing control points and GIS methods for data processing, modeling, and simulation to obtain the necessary data for flood prevention and intervention.

Currently in Transylvania there are over 600 castles, considered monuments belonging to the world or national heritage. Some of them have disappeared, some are in an advanced degradation, the vast majority being in different stages of degradation, but recoverable, through very expensive investments. The first condition for them to start a program of recovery and put them again in the tourist and cultural circuit is to know exactly the state in which they are, to evaluate the costs. The development of geomatics technologies now allows for the high fidelity assessment of this aspect. These included Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Total Stations + Levels precision, terrestrial and aerial photogrammetry, laser scanners with fixed stations, for each presenting technical data and products analyzed sequentially and corroborated-complementary. The purpose of the entire action was to establish a Workflow as dedicated as possible to the requests of the specialists involved in such projects, architects, builders, restorers, historians, cultural people, etc. The paper can highlight a model of good practices in this field, the researches continuing, by consulting the beneficiaries of products from the range offered through these activities.