In intensive care units (ICUs), serum lactate and methemoglobin (metHb) levels are considered significant biomarkers for predicting mortality in critically ill patients. This study investigates the relationship between lactate and metHb levels in blood gas analyses at admission and 24 h later, as well as their association with mortality in ICU patients. The study was conducted retrospectively between March and December 2022 at Adıyaman Training and Research Hospital, evaluating 114 patients, with statistical analyses performed on the collected data. The results indicated a statistically significant decrease in lactate levels between admission and 24 h after (p = 0.004). However, no significant change was found in metHb levels (p > 0.05). Lactate clearance was significantly lower in deceased patients compared to survivors (p = 0.037), whereas metHb clearance showed no statistically significant association with mortality. Lactate is highlighted as a key indicator of tissue hypoxia and plays a critical role in managing critically ill patients. Elevated lactate levels are associated with impaired oxygenation and worse prognoses. The literature consistently supports the association between high lactate levels and increased mortality in conditions such as sepsis and hemorrhagic shock. Similarly, this study confirms the prognostic value of lactate, particularly in the early phases of ICU admission. In contrast, metHb levels were not found to significantly impact mortality. Although some studies suggest a potential role of metHb as a biomarker for oxidative stress in inflammatory diseases, this relationship was not supported by the current findings. In conclusion, serum lactate levels serve as a crucial tool for mortality prediction and patient management in ICUs, while metHb levels have limited prognostic value. These findings suggest that greater emphasis should be placed on lactate monitoring in the management of critically ill patients.

Aim: This study aimed to determine the incidence of hypophosphatemia and evaluate anemia parameters following intravenous iron sucrose (IS) and iron carboxymaltose (FCM) therapy in patients diagnosed with iron deficiency anemia (IDA). Methods: This retrospective study included 108 patients aged 18– 67 who were diagnosed with IDA and received either FCM or IS therapy. The patients were divided into two groups: iron sucrose (n=55, 51%) and ferric carboxymaltose (n=53, 49%). We collected and analysed data on patient demographics, doses of FCM and IS, and laboratory parameters including serum phosphorus, ferritin, total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), iron, and haemoglobin (Hg) values. Results: The pre-treatment blood phosphorus levels were significantly lower in the IS group than in the FCM group (p = 0.029). Following intravenous iron treatment, the TIBC and phosphorus levels were higher in the IS group compared to the FCM group (p = 0.011 and p < 0.001, respectively). The ferritin levels were significantly higher in the FCM group compared to the IS group (p = 0.002). Conclusion: It is important to be aware that hypophosphatemia may occur after intravenous iron therapy for iron deficiency anemia. Therefore, phosphate levels should be monitored closely following treatment. Furthermore, it would appear that hypophosphatemia is more prevalent following FCM therapy compared to IS.

Background/Objectives: This study was designed to investigate the potential clinical, biochemical, haematological, and pathological associations of carpal tunnel syndrome through a multidisciplinary approach encompassing the fields of internal medicine, gastroenterology, and neurology. Methods: The study group (CTS-positive) comprised 265 patients who presented with dyspeptic complaints and underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, gastric antrum biopsy, electromyography, and comprehensive biochemical and haematological analyses. A control group of 265 patients with similar symptoms but without CTS was selected for comparison. A comparative analysis was conducted on clinical findings, gastric biopsy results, and biochemical and haematological parameters. Results: There were no significant differences in age, gender distribution, or gastric biopsy findings (Helicobacter pylori, intestinal metaplasia, atrophy, and dysplasia) between the CTS-positive and CTS-negative groups. However, significant biochemical differences were identified, including elevated calcium and reduced magnesium levels in CTS-positive patients. Haematological evaluations revealed higher lymphocyte, eosinophil, basophil, erythrocyte, haemoglobin, and haematocrit levels, along with reduced neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratios and red blood cell distribution widths in the CTS-positive group. Further analysis in the form of correlation and logistic regression analyses provided further confirmation of the association of elevated calcium, haemoglobin, and lymphocyte levels with increased risk of CTS. Conclusions: This multidisciplinary study identifies significant associations between CTS and specific biochemical and haematological parameters, notably calcium-magnesium imbalance and erythrocyte indices. These findings suggest underlying biological interactions that may guide future diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for patients with carpal tunnel syndrome.

Colonic diverticulosis might be caused by low-fiber dietary habits, gastrointestinal motility disorders, and colonic wall resistance changes, which might also affect the upper gastrointestinal system mucosa. Therefore, the present study aims to answer whether the gastric histopathological findings of the cases with diverge from those without.

Some novel electrocardiographic (ECG) parameters, such as T-wave peak to T-wave end duration (Tp-Te) and Tp-Te/Q-T interval (QT) ratios, have recently been found to be associated with cardiac ischemia and effective in predicting ventricular arrhythmias and mortality. This study examined the association between ECG repolarization parameters and mortality in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. A total of 232 ICU patients were retrospectively categorized as survivors or nonsurvivors retrospectively. Laboratory, demographic, and ECG parameters were compared between the groups. A novel ECG score was measured using the QT interval, Tp-Te, and Tp-Te/QT ratio upon admission to the ICU. We compared the ECG score, Acute Physiologic and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II)-score, and APACHE II-ECG scores (the combination of APACHE II and ECG score) regarding mortality using a biostatistical program. The mean age of the 232 patients was 69.96 ± 18.01 years, and 49.1% were male. The nonsurvivor group was significantly older and had higher ECG, APACHE II, and APACHE II-ECG scores. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that higher levels of all 3 scores were independent risk factors for mortality ([hazard ratio, HR (95% CI): 1.847 (1.305–2.615), P = .001], [HR (95%CI): 1.146 (1.071–1.225), P < .001], and [HR (95% CI): 1.181 (1.117–1.249), P < .001], respectively). Receiver operating curve analysis of these scoring systems for predicting mortality in the ICU revealed a stronger predictive value for the APACHE II-ECG score (AUC [95% CI]: 0.872 [0.824–0.919], P < .001, sensitivity: 88.7%, specificity: 73.3%). Kaplan–Meier survival analysis revealed the superiority of the APACHE II-ECG score in predicting the survival of ICU patients (log rank chi-square: 80.366, P < .001). Our study suggests combining ECG repolarization parameters with APACHE II score offers a new, more robust system for stronger mortality prediction in ICU patients.