Caloric test is one of the tests which evaluates the low frequency component of vestibular system for both diagnosis of the BPV and UPV. The main objectives are to determine and increase the diagno... 背景：热量测试评估前庭系统的低频分量, 是诊断BPV和UPV的测试方法之一。 目的：用HIMP, SHIMP和fHIT评估高频水平VOR参数, 以确定并提高BPV和UPV的诊断价值。与健康对照组比较测试结果。评估这些测试结果与患者眩晕头晕不平衡（VDI）问卷结果的相关性。 材料和方法：共招募6例BPV患者、10例UPV患者和15例健康对照者。用HIMP、SHIMP和fHIT对高频hVOR进行...

This research sought to explore the association between sudden sensorineural hearing loss and inflammation by analyzing key inflammatory indicators, such as the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, the systemic immune inflammation index , and the pan-immune-inflammation value .This retrospective study was conducted at a tertiary medical center's otolaryngology department between 2016 and 2021, involving sudden sensorineural hearing loss patients diagnosed and treated during the specified period. Two hundred sudden sensorineural hearing loss patients and 200 healthy controls were included. Inflammatory markers were calculated from complete blood count data. Audiological evaluations categorized patients based on hearing loss severity. Patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss demonstrated significantly elevated levels of inflammatory markers compared to the control group: NLR: 3.43 ± 2.99 vs. 2.10 ± 1.28, p < 0.001; SII: 953.72 ± 855.02 vs. 561.74 ± 355.60, p < 0.001; and PIV: 523.84 ± 455.48 vs. 342.48 ± 245.47, p < 0.001. ROC analysis revealed superior diagnostic performance for the systemic immune inflammation index, and the pan-immune-inflammation value, with AUC values of 0.693 and 0.648, respectively, compared to NLR (AUC = 0.692). This study provides novel insights into the relationship between inflammation and sudden sensorineural hearing loss. Elevated neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, the systemic immune inflammation index, and the pan-immune-inflammation value levels in sudden sensorineural hearing loss patients suggest their potential as valuable indicators for understanding the etiology and predicting outcomes of sudden sensorineural hearing loss . The study underscores the need for further research to validate these findings and explore the underlying mechanisms connecting inflammation to sudden sensorineural hearing loss.

The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between the stimulation amplitude and the distance to the facial nerve. This study was designed as a prospective clinical study. A total of 20 patients (12 males, 8 females) were included. Partial superficial parotidectomy was performed in all patients with intraoperative facial monitoring. Measurements were made on the main trunk and major branches. Stimulation was started at 1 mA and incrementally increased to 2 and 3 mA's. The shortest distance creating a robust response (>100 mV) was recorded. At 1 mA, 2 mA and 3 mA stimulation intensity, the average distance between the tip of the stimulation probe and the main trunk was 2.20 ± 0.76 mm (range 1–3 mm), 3.80 ± 0.95 mm (range 2–5 mm), 4.80 ± 1.05 mm (range 3–7 mm) respectively. The stimulus intensity was inversely proportional in respect to the distance between the nerve and the tip of the stimulus probe (P < .00). The same relation was present in the facial nerve major branch measurements (P < .00). The proportional stimulation amplitude and distance to the facial nerve is thought to be a reliable auxillary method to assist the surgeon by facilitating the estimation of the distance to the facial nerve during extracapsular dissection and minimally invasive cases where the facial nerve isn’t routinely dissected. Level 3.

Objective: This observational, cross-sectional simulation study evaluated ChatGPT-4 as a postoperative information tool for rhinoplasty using standardized questions and blinded ENT specialist ratings. Study Design: This study is an observational, cross-sectional simulation study using blinded expert evaluation. Setting: We used an online Artificial Intelligence (AI) platform accessed under standardized conditions. Methods: Ten typical recovery questions were posed to ChatGPT-4, and the responses were independently rated by ENT specialists for accuracy, clarity, relevance, response time, and patient-centered communication. Responses were also assessed with a structured performance instrument and supported by linguistic and statistical analyses. Results: ChatGPT-4 achieved high scores for accuracy (90%, 95% CI: 84.9–95.1) and clarity (87%, 95% CI: 82.8–91.2), but lower performance in patient-centered communication (77%, 95% CI: 74.0–80.0). Specialist scoring confirmed structured medical reasoning, while machine learning analyses highlighted clarity, diagnostic depth, and empathy as key contributors to higher ratings. Conclusions: ChatGPT-4 demonstrated high clinician-rated accuracy and clarity when answering standardized postoperative rhinoplasty questions, while patient-centered communication remained comparatively lower. These findings suggest that LLM-based tools may complement clinician-delivered postoperative counseling under appropriate oversight, but they are not a substitute for individualized medical advice or surgical follow-up.