Dephenolized cottonseed protein is a high-protein product obtained through the further dephenolization of cottonseed meal or by removing the lint and shell of cottonseed, extracting the oil at a low temperature, and subsequently eliminating toxic substances (gossypol). This paper presents a review of the latest advancements in the dephenolization methods, quality characteristics, and application domains of dephenolized cottonseed protein. It focuses on enhanced dephenolization methods, and summarizes the composition, structural characteristics, functional properties, and recent research developments. Additionally, it identifies challenges, opportunities, and new directions for future research on dephenolized cottonseed protein, which will contribute to advancing the field of dephenolized cottonseed protein research.

Resveratrol is a promising polyphenolic bioactive compound found in peanuts. However, the distribution of cis- and trans-resveratrol and their glycosides varies significantly among cultivars, and their correlations with other quality traits remain unclear. In this study, Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC) combined with high-throughput spectral analysis was employed to systematically evaluate 42 main cultivated peanut varieties from seven series across China’s three major production regions. The results indicated that trans-piceid (trans-resveratrol glycoside) was the predominant component, accounting for over 85% of the total content. Significant variation was observed in the total content of resveratrol and its glycosides among cultivars (4.61–88.79 mg/kg), with the Weihua series (represented by Weihua 23) exhibiting the strongest resveratrol enrichment ability. Multidimensional correlation analysis systematically revealed, for the first time, distinct association patterns: trans-piceid was positively correlated with sucrose, cis-resveratrol was positively correlated with fatty acids such as oleic acid, and trans-resveratrol showed a specific association with linoleic acid. Based on these findings, seven specialized high-resveratrol cultivars suitable for processing, including Weihua 23 and Kainong 301, were identified. Furthermore, a specific correlation system between “resveratrol and key quality indicators” was established. This study provides important theoretical support for the targeted breeding of novel functional peanut varieties that combine a high resveratrol content with traits such as high oleic acid or sugar content, thereby promoting the high-value industrial utilization of high-quality peanuts.