СТАТИСТИЧЕСКИЙ ПОДХОД К ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЮ РЕГИОНАЛЬНЫХ ФОНОВЫХ КОНЦЕНТРАЦИЙ НЕФТЯНЫХ УГЛЕВОДОРОДОВ В ДОННЫХ ОТЛОЖЕНИЯХ

The structural features of zeolites and their physicochemical properties are considered. The main parameters of the adsorption of metal ions from aqueous solutions were determined using natural modified zeolite from the Tatarskoye-Shatrashanskoye deposit. Experimental studies have been carried out on the extraction of Zn(II), Pb(II), Cu(II) and Mn(II) ions from model solutions by zeolite. The process of adsorption of metal ions from solutions by chemically modified zeolite was studied by evaluating the influence of various factors. The degree of extraction of metal ions increases by 30 % and reaches 98 %; the sorption capacity for zinc increases 1,78 times, for copper - 5,7 times, for lead - 5,7 times, for manganese - 3 times. Recommendations have been developed for obtaining a modified zeolite and sorption purification of solutions from metal ions with its use. Рассмотрены особенности строения цеолитов и их физико-химические свойства. Определены основные параметры адсорбции ионов металлов из водных растворов с применением природного модифицированного цеолита Татарского-Шатрашанского месторождения. Проведены экспериментальные исследования по извлечению ионов Zn(II), Pb(II),Cu(II) и Mn(II) из модельных растворов цеолитом. Изучен процесс адсорбции ионов металлов из растворов химически модифицированным цеолитом при оценке влияния различных факторов. Степень извлечения ионов металлов увеличивается на 30 % и достигает 98 %; сорбционная емкость по цинку увеличивается в 1,78 раза, по меди – в 5,7 раза, по свинцу – в 5,7 раза, по марганцу в 3 раза. Разработаны рекомендации по получению модифицированного цеолита и сорбционной очистке вод от ионов металлов с его применением.

Natural and manmade flows of matter form complex metal associations in the body of residents living in certain territories, which leads to functional disorders in their bodies and the depletion of adaptive reserves. It is possible to assess the distribution of metals in the body only taking into account its biogeochemical localization. The question arises about the methodological approach to the determination of regional reference values of the concentrations of metals in biosubstrates of residents of different territories, to which this study was devoted. A designed and trained neural network was used, reflecting the relationship between the concentrations of metals in consumed drinking water and biosubstrates of the body, taking into account the physiological characteristics of the tested group of children and adolescents, based on the regional reference values obtained. Neural network regression methods allowed the calculation of nonlinear dependences of indicators of the state of the internal environment of an organism with external factors, and localized reference values determined in such calculations the indicators of the base state, being guided by the intensity of external factors, which should be assessed. The results of this study are intended for patient-oriented diagnosis and the treatment of eco-conditioned microelementosis in individual locations.

Quality management of urban ecosystem components should be based on adequate determination of threshold values for concentrations of priority pollutants, otherwise it is difficult to assess the severity of negative consequences of anthropogenic activities. Currently, there is no officially approved or generally accepted method for setting concentration thresholds for urban ecosystem components at the regional level in Russia. Setting such thresholds requires the use of effective indicators that can reflect man-made multi-component and multi-factor effects. Quantitative characteristics of accumulating and dynamic biosubstrates of sensitive representatives of the population can act as an informative marker of the response of biological components of the urban ecosystem to anthropogenic impact. Territorial correspondence of sampling points of components of the urban ecosystem and biosubstrates of the body will allow to establish relationships between their contents. The priority of the study of metals among the entire variety of pollutants subject to control is their stability in the components of the urban ecosystem, their high ability to biogenic migration, and the danger of accumulation with the manifestation of toxic effects, due to a long period of excretion from the human body. The use of modern neural network technologies and chemical analysis of metals has allowed to define threshold concentrations of metals in depositing components of the urban ecosystem at the upper limits of acceptable concentrations of their content in biological substrates of children and adolescents which do not lead to an increase of regional reference values in blood and...

BACKGROUND: Lipid peroxidation is a universal mechanism of biological membrane damage. The resulting malondialdehyde levels are a non-specific marker of the body's adaptive capabilities. A strong correlation between the levels of some metals and the oxidant/antioxidant balance may provide biological markers of quality of life in urban ecosystems with high man-induced load (industrial cities) versus regions with low man-induced load (rural areas). AIM: The work aimed to assess the potential association between the urbanized environment status, lipid peroxidation levels, and serum metal levels in adolescents. This association is essential for creating a unified systems of adaptive capability markers in regions with different levels of exposure. METHODS: The levels of iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), strontium (Sr), and lead (Pb) were assessed by atomic absorption spectroscopy in the serum of 48 adolescents residing in urban and rural areas. The height, body weight, and body surface area were measured. Serum malondialdehyde levels were assessed in apparently healthy adolescents using the thiobarbituric acid reaction. The significance of intergroup differences in malondialdehyde and metal levels was assessed, and Spearman correlation analysis was performed. The significance of individual parameters was assessed using multiple regression discriminant analysis. RESULTS: There were no significant changes in Sr levels associated with the levels of malondialdehyde or other metals. Cu levels showed significant correlations with the levels of malondialdehyde and other metals. Changes in Cu levels, though less pronounced, were consistent with changes in Fe levels. A multiple regression model found that Cu levels, together with Zn levels and body surface area, were the most significant parameters. The discriminant analysis found that Pb levels are determined by the urban ecosystem characteristics, and lipid peroxidation activity in children may vary considerably depending on the urbanized environment status and increases significantly in urban areas. CONCLUSION: An association has been found between the degree of man-induced load, lipid peroxidation activity, and serum metal levels in children, which enables assessing the body's adaptive capabilities. Furthermore, an association has been discovered between serum malondialdehyde levels and serum zinc, iron, and copper levels. Serum malondialdehyde levels are higher in children residing in urban areas with high man-induced load. Metal–malondialdehyde associations can be used to assess the body's adaptive capabilities.

В статье рассмотрены проблемы сегментации изображений распределенных по площади элементов ландшафта земной поверхности, анализируются классические и современные подходы, используемые в алгоритмах сегментации растровых изображений, дано определение понятию «объект» для рассматриваемой предметной области. Предложен простой и эффективный градиентный алгоритм и проведено сравнительное исследование качества сегментации водных объектов на аэрофотоснимках ландшафтов. Показаны возможности использования методов сегментации изображения для классификации объектов и четкого выделения их границ. Результаты исследования реализованы в виде отдельных программ сегментации водных объектов на растровых изображениях.