The food security of each country depends on agricultural development, which is sensitive to the implementation of agricultural public policies. These must evolve as new ruralities arise, with new phenomena, such as climate change, ecosystem services, changes in consumer preferences, globalization, sustainability and ecological awareness. Hence, of ex-ante and ex-post evaluations of agricultural policies, are important because they provide timely information to government entities. There are different methodologies for policy evaluation, which have evolved over time. This systematic review aims to identify manuscript that systematically review methodologies, policies and variables evaluated during the last 50 years to determine whether a policy has been efficient. To assess the quality of the included manuscript and to describe the measures and domains identified. EBSCO, Dialnet, SciELO, Scopus, Science Direct, Dimensions and Web of Science were searched. A total of 154 manuscript were identified, the review was finalized by reviewing the title, and abstract and the review was finalized by reviewing the title, abstract and full text, resolving disagreements. Of these 154 manuscripts, 37 met the criteria and were included in the analysis. PRISMA checklists were used to evaluate the methodology. It were found that there are few studies on the design of evaluation methodologies for agricultural policies in the literature. Research shows that the latest policy evaluation proposals present more complex methodologies involving tools such as machine learning and agent-based modelling (ABM). On the other hand, the issue of sustainability as a policy is seen in the agri-environmental policy evaluation. The evolution of agricultural policy methodologies can be observed at the beginning with the use of quantitative methodologies, such as matrices, statistics and econometrics. With the emergence of new variables, such as agri-environmental variables, citizen participation and market opening, methodologies have become more comprehensive, combining qualitative and quantitative variables. Methodologies were identified that evaluate robust agricultural policies and others that focus on the evaluation of one or two policies. These studies are important for research that focuses not only on the evaluation of agricultural policies but also on their design and implementation processes.

La gestión de la calidad en aquellas empresas que se dedican al desarrollo de proyectos de software, ofrece una ventaja competitiva puesto que de esta forma aseguran que sus productos sean de calidad. Las metodologías ágiles surgen para aplicarse principalmente en proyectos cuya naturaleza sea cambiante o donde se hace necesario obtener pronto retorno de la inversión. Las organizaciones que optan por el cambio hacia las metodologías ágiles enfrentan retos como el aseguramiento de la calidad tanto del producto como del proyecto. Modelos como Capability Maturity Model Integration e ISO 25010, son conocidos y funcionan bien en entornos de desarrollo tradicionales. Para metodologías ágiles hay algunas propuestas menos populares, entre ellas se puede mencionar el Desarrollo Dirigido por Pruebas, la Integración Continua y la métrica Product Backlog Rating. Éstas, aunque en la literatura reportan buenos resultados, no están lo suficientemente documentadas para ser empleadas en cualquier proyecto ágil. Este trabajo hace un análisis sobre las propuestas que apuntan a mejorar la calidad en los productos realizados con metodologías ágiles, recopilando herramientas y buenas prácticas con los que se pretende diseñar una serie de recomendaciones en cuanto a gestión de calidad en los proyectos de software.

To make an effective transition towards a circular economy, we must have the responsibility and active participation of all the stakeholders involved, including customers. In this work, we seek to develop an agent-based model to describe and analyze an environmental awareness system in a population, whose behavior is based on an indicator that can change by agent’s interaction and modify its consumption habits. The model is described using the ODD + D protocol, and we use Netlogo software for coding. After model validation process, its results are analyzed to understand how can environmental awareness level, consumption habits and social skills of each individual influence on the average environmental awareness level of a heterogeneous population, which makes simple the identification of emerging behaviors and the forecasting of the potentially recyclable waste according to the quality in the separation at source.

Rural areas near large cities do not satisfy the food needs of the city’s population. In Medellín, Colombia, these areas satisfy only 2% of the city’s food needs, highlighting an urgent need to review and improve policies supporting agriculture. This study was conducted over a ten-year period since the release of the Medellín policy related to land use. The model uses agent-based modelling, geographic analysis and dichotomous variables, combining these structures to create a decision-making element and thus identify changes to examine in relation to current land use and detect properties with a potential for conversion to agricultural use. By evaluating post-processed geographic layers, land use in agricultural rural environments is prioritized, setting up clusters of homogeneous zones and finding new areas of rural influence. The implications of this study extend beyond Medellín, offering a model that can be applied to other regions facing similar challenges in agricultural productivity and land use. This research supports informed and effective decision-making in agricultural policy, contributing to improved food security and sustainable development. The results show that some properties are susceptible to policy changes and provide a framework for the revision of local regulations, serving as a support tool for decision-making in rural public policies by giving the local administration key factors to update in the current policies. The findings are relevant to local stakeholders, including policymakers and rural landowners, suggesting that several properties are susceptible to policy changes promoting agriculture and supporting informed decision-making in agricultural policy, contributing to food security and sustainable development. Also, this approach promotes efficient and sustainable agriculture, highlighting the importance of geographic analysis and agent-based modelling in policy planning and evaluation.

Objetivo: Diseñar y desarrollar un modelo de simulación de eventos discretos para el proceso de atención del cliente de una Pyme dedicada al negocio de la comida rápida con el fin de conducir experimentos direccionados a comprender el comportamiento del sistema y evaluar estrategias de optimización. Metodología: El procedimiento se clasifica en cuatro etapas: (I) Análisis de la empresa y definición del problema, (II) Descripción de procesos y contextualización de un modelo, (III) Generación del modelo preliminar, verificación, validación y análisis de sensibilidad, (IV) Análisis de resultados y propuestas de mejoramiento. Resultados: El modelamiento realizado permitió sugerir una serie de optimizaciones para los procesos y de la Pyme analizada, que resultarían en la reducción de los tiempos de espera en la venta de bebidas, pizzas y otros productos. Conclusiones: Se mostró que mediante herramientas como Simul8® es posible modelar con facilidad procesos, al igual que sugerir optimizaciones pertinentes para estos, si bien cabe anotar que la herramienta no es tan efectiva para el modelamiento de servicios.