Study purpose: This paper aims to explore the effectiveness of ChatGPT in facilitating learning for medical students with special educational needs (SEN) while acknowledging and addressing the challenges that SEN students may encounter in utilizing this technology. Methods: This cross-sectional survey study assessed ChatGPT's efficacy in supporting medical students with SEN across three Saudi Arabian universities. Utilizing purposive and convenience sampling, a questionnaire was administered to 283 SEN students. Statistical analyses, including t -tests and ANOVA, were conducted to evaluate perceptions of ChatGPT's effectiveness, considering demographic factors and impairment types. Results: Notable differences were observed in perceptions of ChatGPT's effectiveness by impairment type and education level. Statistically significant differences were observed among the participants with different types of impairments in relation to flexibility in communication ( p = .01), scaffolding and guided practice ( p = .0435), immediate feedback and reinforcement ( p = .0334), visual and audio support ( p = .0244), and simplified learning ( p = .002) factors. For instance, individuals with communication and interaction impairments rated ChatGPT's support significantly higher for simplified learning ( M = 4.39, p = .002) and visual/audio support ( M = 4.08, p = .024) compared to other impairments. Education level significantly influenced perceptions across all support factors ( p < .05), with diploma holders consistently rating ChatGPT more favorably. Conclusion: Although by providing personalized, simplified, and scaffolded learning experiences, along with social and emotional support, ChatGPT demonstrates promising potential in enhancing learning of SEN students; it does not prove to be effective across all types of impairments.

Background: The rapid adoption of artificial intelligence-powered tools like ChatGPT has introduced new avenues for patients to access health information independently. Understanding how patients perceive and engage with such tools is essential to evaluating their trustworthiness, usability, and potential impact on health decision-making. Aim: The purpose of this study is to investigate the facilitators and barriers of using ChatGPT as a health information resource for patients’ health management. Methods: A qualitative research design was adopted in this study. The participants included outpatients at a public hospital. Participants interacted with ChatGPT (version 3.5) for at least 15 min daily over 2 weeks to explore health-related topics before participating in semi-structured interviews. A total of 28 outpatients participated in the interviews. Results: The findings from this study have indicated both positive and negative aspects of ChatGPT as a health information resource. Among the 28 participants, the most frequently reported facilitators included improved health literacy (reported by 26 participants, 92.9%), effectiveness and efficiency (24 participants, 85.7%), cost-effectiveness (23 participants, 82.1%), accessibility (17 participants, 60.7%), empowerment (13 participants, 46.4%), and anonymity (11 participants, 39.3%). Reported barriers included lack of personalized information (15 participants, 53.6%), limited reliability (9 participants, 32.1%), restricted diagnostic capability (6 participants, 21.4%), lack of human interaction (14 participants, 50%), privacy concerns (4 participants, 14.3%), legal and ethical issues (9 participants, 32.1%), and lack of emotional support (3 participants, 10.7%). Conclusion: Although ChatGPT has significant benefits of being used as a health information resource, to arrive at specific conclusions, there is a need to extend these kinds of studies across the regions to assess the impact of ChatGPT on different populations for promoting health literacy.

In this review, studies focusing on the therapeutic use of psychedelics for treating mental health disorders published since 2010 have been examined. A systematic literature search was conducted using Medline and EBSCO. After extracting data from 19 papers, an analysis was performed. Critical evidence highlighting the effectiveness of psychedelic drugs in treating depression, anxiety, obsessive–compulsive disorder, drug addiction, and mental problems associated with terminal disease has been identified in the analyzed research. Guidelines for the safe administration of psychedelic therapy have been employed in all relevant primary studies. Nonetheless, mania and psychosis have been found to be linked to unfavorable outcomes. Although there has been a resurgence of research on the safety and effectiveness of psychedelics for a variety of mental health issues, the positive findings of this review reinforce the need for more comprehensive studies to better understand how psychedelics affect clients with mental illnesses. More studies are also required to examine the effectiveness of psychedelics in treating some mental illnesses, such as eating disorders, posttraumatic stress disorder, and personality disorders.

Background: Perceived inequity in work allocation has well-documented consequences for nurse job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and patient safety. Despite this recognition, empirical research examining how nurses in Middle Eastern healthcare contexts conceptualize allocation justice remains limited. This qualitative study explored Saudi registered nurses’ perceptions of work allocation justice, identified the organizational factors shaping those perceptions, and examined their implications for nurse well-being and quality of care. Methods: A qualitative design employing reflexive thematic analysis was used, grounded in constructivism. Semi-structured individual interviews were conducted with 17 purposively sampled registered nurses from three Riyadh-based healthcare facilities. Credibility was established through data, method, and analyst triangulation; peer debriefing; and member checking (12 of the 17 participants were purposively selected for member checking to represent the full range of experiences; 11 of those 12 confirmed thematic plausibility). Thematic saturation was reached at interview 13. Results: Six interconnected themes emerged: (1) Understanding Work Justice; (2) Personal Experiences; (3) Influencing Factors; (4) Psychological and Professional Impacts; (5) Institutional and Administrative Support; and (6) Future Perspectives. Participants define fairness as contextual equity and relational respect rather than simple numerical equality. Inequities were driven by staffing constraints, leadership styles, and policy gaps, leading to burnout and reduced organizational commitment. Conclusions: Saudi nurses experience meaningful allocation inequities arising from structural constraints, leadership variability, and the absence of written allocation policies. Addressing these inequities requires coordinated action on policy transparency, objective criteria, and psychologically safe communication channels. These findings provide contextually grounded, evidence-informed guidance for developing equitable nursing work environments that support workforce retention and patient safety.