Background/Objectives: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine disorder among women of reproductive age, characterized by symptoms such as menstrual irregularities, hyperandrogenism, and polycystic ovaries. This study aimed to explore the diagnostic experiences of women with PCOS in Saudi Arabia, evaluating the timeline to diagnosis, the adequacy of information provided, and overall patient satisfaction with the healthcare process. Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted with 1182 women diagnosed with PCOS across Saudi Arabia. The survey collected data on sociodemographic characteristics, the timeline from symptom onset to diagnosis, the number of healthcare visits required for diagnosis, and satisfaction with the information and support provided during the diagnostic process. Statistical analyses, including linear regression, were performed to identify factors influencing patient satisfaction. Results: The study found that 43.2% of participants sought medical attention within a year of symptom onset, yet significant delays in diagnosis were common, with 28.6% of women waiting six months or more after seeking medical care. Only 42.7% of women reported receiving adequate information at diagnosis, and satisfaction levels varied across different aspects of care. Key predictors of lower satisfaction included marital status and longer time since diagnosis, while quicker diagnosis and more healthcare visits before diagnosis positively influenced satisfaction. Conclusions: The findings highlight critical gaps in the diagnostic process and patient education for PCOS in Saudi Arabia. The widespread dissatisfaction with the information provided underscores the need for improved patient-centered care, comprehensive education, and standardized diagnostic protocols. Addressing these issues could enhance patient satisfaction and lead to better management of PCOS, both in Saudi Arabia and globally.

Background/Objectives: Pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD) encompasses urinary incontinence (UI), anorectal disorders (ARDs), and other related conditions that frequently coexist. Evidence on the prevalence and determinants of ARD among patients with UI, particularly in Middle Eastern populations, remains limited. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of ARD in UI patients and identify key clinical and demographic factors associated with anorectal disorders. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted between January 2017 and June 2025. Consecutive adult patients diagnosed with UI were included. Demographic, clinical, obstetric, and surgical characteristics were extracted from medical records. Categorical comparisons were performed using chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests, while predictors of ARD were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression. Results: Among 494 patients with UI, ARD was present in 115 cases, yielding a prevalence of 23.3%. The most frequent ARD diagnoses were hemorrhoids (29.8%), obstructive defecation syndrome (19.3%), and fecal incontinence (18.1%). Patients with ARD more often had stress UI (25.2% vs. 18.5%) and overflow UI (4.3% vs. 2.1%) compared with those without ARD. Chronic constipation was significantly associated with ARD (39.7% vs. 10.7%, p < 0.001), as were hypothyroidism (31.8% vs. 21.4%, p = 0.037), psychological conditions (37.1% vs. 21.0%, p = 0.003), and sexual dysfunction (64.7% vs. 19.0%, p < 0.001). Logistic regression identified rectocele (aOR = 6.54, 95% CI: 3.18–13.45, p < 0.001) and previous pelvic surgery (aOR = 2.27, 95% CI: 1.17–4.41, p = 0.016) as independently associated with ARD. Increasing age was inversely associated with ARD (aOR = 0.98, 95% CI: 0.96–0.99, p = 0.014). Conclusions: Our findings underscore the need to incorporate anorectal and sexual health screening in UI patients. Early recognition, coupled with multidisciplinary team-based management, may help optimize outcomes, enhance treatment compliance, improve quality of life, and reduce the long-term burden associated with PFD.

Background: Drug-induced hyperpigmentation (DIH) represents a significant subset of acquired pigmentation disorders and poses diagnostic challenges due to delayed onset and polypharmacy. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to identify medications significantly associated with DIH and evaluate their reported incidence. Methods: A systematic search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library for studies published between 2002 and June 2024. Eligible studies reported DIH as an outcome with incidence or descriptive data. Pooled proportions were calculated using a random-effects model, and heterogeneity was assessed via the I ² statistic. Results: Twenty-two studies met the inclusion criteria. The overall pooled incidence of DIH was 36.7% (95% CI: 0.291–0.444). Subgroup analyses revealed the highest incidences with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (89.2%) and MC4R agonists (71.4%), followed by antibiotics (52.0%), antineoplastic agents (35.5%), and antimalarials (29.0%). Commonly implicated agents included minocycline, hydroxychloroquine, and hydroxyurea. Conclusion: DIH is a prevalent adverse drug reaction with considerable variation in incidence across drug classes. Recognition of high-risk medications is essential for prompt diagnosis and clinical management. Systematic review registration: The study protocol was pre-registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO: CRD42024529250).