We studied the toxic effects of cerium and fluoride species on human dental pulp stem cells and epithelial cells of Cercopithecus aethiops as a surrogate for the human oral mucosa. The sequential use of CeCl₃ and NH₄F solutions in equimolar sub-toxic concentrations enabled the possible toxic effects of individual components to be avoided, ensuring the preservation of the metabolic activity of the cells due to the formation of CeF₃ nanoparticles. Cerium fluoride nanoparticles and terbium-doped cerium fluoride nanoparticles exhibited neither cytotoxicity nor genotoxicity to dental pulp stem cells, even at high concentrations (10⁻⁴ M). In millimolar concentrations (from 10⁻⁵–10⁻⁶ M), these nanoparticles significantly increased the expression of genes responsible for the cell cycle, differentiation and proliferation. The formation of cerium fluoride on the surface of the mucous membrane and teeth provided protection against the development of carious lesions, periodontitis, ROS attacks and other inflammatory diseases of the oral cavity. Luminescent CeF₃: Tb nanoparticles enabled the visualization of tooth enamel microcracks.

The purpose of this study was to provide an immuno-mediated substantiation of the etiopathogenesis of mucositis and peri-implantitis based on the results of experimental, laboratory and clinical studies. The biopsy material was studied to identify impregnated nanoscale and microscale particles in the structure of pathological tissues by using X-ray microtomography and X-ray fluorescence analyses. Electron microscopy with energy-dispersive analysis identified the composition of supernatants containing nanoscale metal particles obtained from the surfaces of dental implants. The parameters of the nanoscale particles were determined by dynamic light scattering. Flow cytometry was used to study the effect of nanoscale particles on the ability to induce the activation and apoptosis of immunocompetent cells depending on the particles’ concentrations during cultivation with the monocytic cell line THP-1 with the addition of inductors. An analysis of the laboratory results suggested the presence of dose-dependent activation, as well as early and late apoptosis of the immunocompetent cells. Activation and early and late apoptosis of a monocytic cell line when THP-1 was co-cultured with nanoscale metal particles in supernatants were shown for the first time. When human venous blood plasma was added, both activation and early and late apoptosis had a dose-dependent effect and differed from those of the control groups.

Background. Currently, the issues of diagnosis and treatment of patients with dentoalveolar injuries combined with temporomandibular joint disorders are highly relevant due to a progressive increase in the number of cases of this pathology among the population. Despite the availability of the comprehensive methodology in diagnostics of dentoalveolar injuries, dentists lack standardized algorithms for effective examination and systematization of the data obtained in the diagnostics of such groups of patients, which is necessary for personalized planning and pathogenetic therapy. The authors present the algorithm they developed for comprehensive assessment of dentoalveolar injuries in patients with temporomandibular joint disorders.Case descriptions. The paper presents clinical cases of two patients with abnormal occlusion associated with temporomandibular joint disorder. The patients underwent a comprehensive morphofunctional examination of the dentoalveolar complex in accordance with the diagnostic algorithm patented by the authors, including following methods: clinical (interview, examination), anthropometric (anthropometry of dentition), radiological (cone-beam computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging of the temporomandibular joint), functional (surface electromyography of the masticatory muscles, computer kinesiography, electro-vibrography, ultrasound examination of the temporomandibular joint), to make the final diagnosis and to determine the order and scope of treatment.Conclusion. The authors presented and proved clinically the algorithm of morphofunctional diagnostics for the dento-alveolar complex of patients with temporomandibular joint disorders, combining clinical, anthropometric, radiological and functional methods of examination, which allow the most dento-alveolar characteristics to be considered in order to make the main diagnosis and a personalized treatment protocol for such groups of patients

Introduction The development of robotic complexes in various branches of industrial production in recent decades has not left aside medicine. Surgical robotic systems began their development in medical practice with the positioning of endoscopic instruments, allowing to help the surgeon to control the video image of the surgical field and the accuracy of the instrument direction in any laparoscopic surgery [1]. Such systems began to be used in 1995 in performing operations of hip joint replacement based on computed tomography images [2].

The surface of two dental implant systems, “Nobel Biocare” and “Alpha BiO”, and metal-containing nanoparticles, isolated from the tissues surrounding dental implants, has been investigated....

The process of stone formation in the human body remains incompletely understood, which requires clinical and laboratory studies and the formulation of a new endogenous, nanotechnological concept of the mechanism of origin and formation of crystallization centers. Previously, the mechanism of sialolithiasis was considered a congenital disease associated with the pathology of the ducts in the structure of the glands themselves. To date, such morphological changes of congenital nature can be considered from the position of the intrauterine formation of endogenous bacterial infections complicated by the migration of antigenic structures initiating the formation of crystallization centers. The present work is devoted to the study of the morphology and composition of stones obtained as a result of surgical interventions for sialolithiasis. Presumably, nanoparticles of metals and other chemical compounds can be structural components of crystallization centers or incorporated into the conditions of chronic endogenous inflammation and the composition of antigenic structures, in complexes with protein and bacterial components. X-ray microtomography, X-ray fluorescence analysis, scanning transmission electron microscopy and microanalysis, mass spectrometry, and Raman spectroscopy were used to study the pathogenesis of stone formation. Immunoglobulins (Igs) of classes A and G, as well as nanoparticles of metals Pb, Fe, Cr, and Mo, were found in the internal structure of the stones. The complex of antigenic structures was an ovoid calcified layered matrix of polyvid microbial biofilms, with the inclusion of metal nanoparticles and chemical elements, as well as immunoglobulins. The obtained results of clinical and laboratory studies allow us to broaden the view on the pathogenesis of stone formation and suggest that the occurrence of the calcification of antigenic structures may be associated with the formation of IgG4-associated disease.