Inflammatory bowel disease is a chronic condition characterized by recurrent intestinal inflammation. Its etiopathogenesis is driven by a series of events that disrupt the mucosal barrier, alter the healthy balance of intestinal microbiota, and abnormally stimulate intestinal immune responses. Therefore, numerous studies suggest the use of short-chain fatty acids and their immunomodulatory effects as a therapeutic approach in this disease. The objective of this systematic review was to synthesize previous evidence on the relevance and therapeutic use of short-chain fatty acids, particularly butyrate, in the immune regulation of inflammatory bowel disease. This systematic review of articles linking inflammatory bowel disease with short-chain fatty acids was conducted according to the PRISMA-2020 guidelines. The Medline and the Web of Science databases were searched in August 2024. The risk of bias was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute checklists. A total of 1460 articles were reviewed, of which, 29 met the inclusion criteria. Short-chain fatty acids, particularly butyrate, play a critical role in the regulation of intestinal inflammation and can be used as a strategy to increase the levels of short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria for use in therapeutic approaches.

Background/Objectives: Endocrine disruptors are substances capable of altering the functions of the endocrine system. There is evidence that some pesticides can be endocrine disruptors and, among some of their effects, we find alterations in pubertal development and in the function of the thyroid gland, which could be related to a greater tendency of obesity. The aim was to evaluate the evidence from clinical and preclinical studies on the association between pesticides used in agriculture and found in plant-based foods with overweight/obesity. Methods: This is a systematic review of articles on the impact of the use of endocrine disrupting pesticides on obesity, conducted according to the PRISMA-2020 guidelines. Results: There was evidence that some pesticides, such as chlorpyrifos, pyrethroids, and neonicotinoids, may promote obesity and other anthropometric changes by altering lipid and glucose metabolism, modifying genes, or altering hormone levels such as leptin. Other studies suggest that perinatal exposure to chlorpyrifos or pesticides such as vinclozolin may alter lipid metabolism and promote weight gain in adulthood, whereas other pesticides such as boscalib, captan, thiacloprid, and ziram were not associated with changes in weight. Exposure to pesticides such as vinclozolin may be associated with a higher prevalence of overweight/obesity in later generations. Conclusions: The few studies that do not show these associations have methodological limitations in data collection with confounding variables. Further studies are needed to provide more and higher quality evidence to determine the true effect of these substances on obesity.

Background/Objectives: Triple-negative breast cancer is difficult to treat due to the absence of hormone receptors and Her2neu. Sacituzumab govitecan is a new therapeutic approach that uses an antibody directed against the Trop-2 antigen present in solid epithelial tumors, linked to the active metabolite SN-38, similar to irinotecan, to specifically target cancer cells while minimizing damage to healthy cells. The objective of the present review was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of sacituzumab govitecan as a single treatment in patients with triple-negative breast cancer and to compare its results with the standard conventional chemotherapy regimen currently used in this disease. Methods: A systematic review of randomized clinical trials of sacituzumab govitecan was performed. The search was performed in Medline (PubMed), Web of Science, and Cochrane from September 2022 to January 2024. Results: Thirty-eight articles are included and evaluated according to inclusion and exclusion criteria corresponding to the two most relevant clinical trials, including specific analyses of cohorts and subgroup study arms within these trials. Data from more recent clinical trials are also reviewed. Conclusions: The efficacy results showed a significantly greater clinical benefit with sacituzumab govitecan compared to standard chemotherapy in patients with triple-negative breast cancer. This drug will become a treatment of substantial impact in future treatment guidelines for this type of cancer.

Breast cancer is the most clinically relevant pathology of the mammary gland and is currently the most diagnosed malignant disease among women worldwide. In breast cancer prevention, it is important to consider that the risk of developing the disease is not the same for the entire population. This pathology presents heterogeneous clinical manifestations and the most common classification is related to the following hormonal receptors: estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), and triple-negative (TNBC). Currently, a new class of therapy is being used for cancer treatment: anti-body-drug conjugates. A bibliographic search was performed by establishing keywords and then combining them using Boolean operators OR and AND. Thus, the search equation was formulated according to the PICO search question to be used in the PubMed database. Results: Fifteen studies that met the established inclusion criteria were analyzed, and their methodological quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute approach, demonstrating high reliability in the results obtained, the analyzed studies focus on the combination of adjuvant Pertuzumab + Trastuzumab with chemotherapy for the treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer. Scientific evidence suggests that the combination of pertuzumab and trastuzumab not only improves the survival of patients with HER2-positive breast cancer but also provides a safe and flexible treatment option.

The situation of social exclusion in which older adults live in extreme poverty is a problem that leads to psychological alterations such as depression or cognitive deterioration. Our objective was to analyze the living conditions and the psychosocial sphere of older adult people living in extreme poverty in Requena del Tapiche in Peru. This was an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study. Sixty participants between 60 and 100 years of age of both sexes were included who gave their informed consent. Sociodemographic variables were analyzed, and the Gijón, family Apgar, Yesavage, and Pfeiffer scales were used. The sample was composed of 55% women and 45% men, with a mean age of 79.2 years (SD 6.67). More than half live alone or with their spouse. Fifty-seven percent sleep on the floor or on wood, and about 82% do not have safe water. Family dysfunction is found in 40%, and 98% are at social risk or with an established social problem and a precarious economic situation. More than 60% suffer from depressive symptoms, which are more frequent in women. We conclude that older adults perceive deficient family support, observing a deteriorated social situation. Most of them are at risk of social exclusion and loneliness, making them more vulnerable. They show sadness, with a high rate of depression. People with more cognitive impairment live alone, and those in social exclusion suffer a higher degree of depression. More cooperative projects and health promotion interventions developed in the peripheral neighborhoods of Requena del Tapiche are needed to improve the impact on the health of older adult people in extreme poverty.

Breastfeeding is the natural way to feed a baby in the first months of life. It is an option with a low environmental impact, as it is a natural and renewable food that does not pollute. It is the optimal food for the infant, with nutritional and immunological advantages that reduce the prevalence of pregnancy disorders and provide benefits for the infant, the mother, and the environment. Its premature abandonment may have medium- and long-term consequences, as the use of formula milk is much more polluting. A descriptive, observational, cross-sectional study was carried out between December 2020 and January 2021, involving 96 breastfeeding women. Sociodemographic and obstetric variables were collected. A validated Spanish version of the Breastfeeding Self-efficacy Scale-Short Form (BSES-SF) was used. Factors that may lead to the early cessation of breastfeeding among the mothers that were studied are a high level of education, a lack of preparation for childbirth, a lack of security, a lack of confidence in preparation for childbirth, a lack of self-confidence, discomfort with breastfeeding in the presence of others, and a low level of maternal satisfaction. Married women and women whose partners support breastfeeding are significantly more satisfied with exclusive breastfeeding than single and divorced women. Adequate and protocolised care must be provided. Education and support for parents to allow for optimal breastfeeding and reduce the environmental impact of formula feeding is essential.