Background/Objectives: Endocrine disruptors are substances capable of altering the functions of the endocrine system. There is evidence that some pesticides can be endocrine disruptors and, among some of their effects, we find alterations in pubertal development and in the function of the thyroid gland, which could be related to a greater tendency of obesity. The aim was to evaluate the evidence from clinical and preclinical studies on the association between pesticides used in agriculture and found in plant-based foods with overweight/obesity. Methods: This is a systematic review of articles on the impact of the use of endocrine disrupting pesticides on obesity, conducted according to the PRISMA-2020 guidelines. Results: There was evidence that some pesticides, such as chlorpyrifos, pyrethroids, and neonicotinoids, may promote obesity and other anthropometric changes by altering lipid and glucose metabolism, modifying genes, or altering hormone levels such as leptin. Other studies suggest that perinatal exposure to chlorpyrifos or pesticides such as vinclozolin may alter lipid metabolism and promote weight gain in adulthood, whereas other pesticides such as boscalib, captan, thiacloprid, and ziram were not associated with changes in weight. Exposure to pesticides such as vinclozolin may be associated with a higher prevalence of overweight/obesity in later generations. Conclusions: The few studies that do not show these associations have methodological limitations in data collection with confounding variables. Further studies are needed to provide more and higher quality evidence to determine the true effect of these substances on obesity.

Background/Objectives: Triple-negative breast cancer is difficult to treat due to the absence of hormone receptors and Her2neu. Sacituzumab govitecan is a new therapeutic approach that uses an antibody directed against the Trop-2 antigen present in solid epithelial tumors, linked to the active metabolite SN-38, similar to irinotecan, to specifically target cancer cells while minimizing damage to healthy cells. The objective of the present review was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of sacituzumab govitecan as a single treatment in patients with triple-negative breast cancer and to compare its results with the standard conventional chemotherapy regimen currently used in this disease. Methods: A systematic review of randomized clinical trials of sacituzumab govitecan was performed. The search was performed in Medline (PubMed), Web of Science, and Cochrane from September 2022 to January 2024. Results: Thirty-eight articles are included and evaluated according to inclusion and exclusion criteria corresponding to the two most relevant clinical trials, including specific analyses of cohorts and subgroup study arms within these trials. Data from more recent clinical trials are also reviewed. Conclusions: The efficacy results showed a significantly greater clinical benefit with sacituzumab govitecan compared to standard chemotherapy in patients with triple-negative breast cancer. This drug will become a treatment of substantial impact in future treatment guidelines for this type of cancer.

Background: Cyberbullying has emerged as a major public health concern with profound psychological repercussions on the adolescent population. The shift toward virtual communication has fundamentally altered interpersonal dynamics, removing the spatio-temporal barriers of aggression and creating new challenges for mental health. Methods: A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, including a comprehensive update executed in February 2026. Searches were performed across PubMed, EBSCO, Web of Science, and Scopus. The review included observational and experimental studies involving adolescents (aged 10–19 years) reporting clinical mental health outcomes. Methodological quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal tools. Results: Forty-two high-quality articles were selected. Key findings include the following: Prevalence: A median cyber-victimization prevalence of 19.1% was identified, although significant methodological heterogeneity exists with ranges between 2.1% and 88.0%. Clinical Impact: Victims exhibited significantly elevated rates of depression (90%) and anxiety (87%) compared to uninvolved peers. Suicidality: Victimization is a critical risk factor, with suicide attempts reported in 19.0% of victims, compared to 3.0% in aggressors. Vulnerable Groups: Adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) demonstrated extreme vulnerability, with victimization rates between 64.1% and 68.9%. Additionally, females and LGBTQ+ youth showed a higher risk of symptom internalization and post-traumatic stress. The Role of the Bystander: Observers experienced fear, moral frustration, and helplessness, acting as either passive reinforcers or active upstanders depending on the school climate. Conclusions and Implications: Effective prevention requires a socio-ecological approach that transcends the classroom, integrating families, healthcare centers, and technological platforms. A transition toward modernized cyber-education is recommended, utilizing interactive tools and “serious games” to foster empathy.

Background/Objectives: Childhood obesity is a multifactorial chronic disease that represents one of the main preventable causes of morbidity and mortality. This study analyzes how nutritional beliefs influence eating habits and the prevalence of overweight and obesity in Spanish children and adolescents. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 35 educational centers in 12 Spanish provinces, with a sample of 1131 children and adolescents aged 6 to 14 years. Anthropometric and sociodemographic data were collected, and dietary habits were assessed by means of questionnaires. Statistical analyses were used to identify associations between dietary beliefs and body mass index. Results: In total, 29.5% of participants were overweight or obese. Two groups of beliefs were identified: healthier beliefs and less healthy beliefs. Children with less healthy dietary beliefs had a significantly higher BMI (22.16 kg/m²) compared to those with healthier beliefs (17.2 kg/m²). False nutritional beliefs, influenced by advertising and the family environment, contribute to overweight and obesity. Discussion: Dietary beliefs play a crucial role in determining eating habits and, therefore, the health of children. Nutrition education and public policies that promote healthy eating habits are essential to prevent childhood obesity. It is important to involve the family, the school, and the media in these efforts. Conclusions: Despite efforts, many children continue to hold erroneous nutritional beliefs that contribute to the rise in overweight and obesity. This study highlights the importance of addressing dietary beliefs and promoting appropriate nutrition education to prevent childhood obesity. It is recommended to implement educational strategies and public policies that regulate the advertising of unhealthy foods and promote healthy eating habits.

Bioethics education has become established as an essential component for addressing the ethical challenges associated with biomedical development, biotechnology, and decision-making in the healthcare field. Although numerous studies have analyzed the teaching of bioethics among medical students and other health professions, empirical research on bioethics literacy in religious formation contexts remains limited. The objective of this study was to evaluate the level of bioethical knowledge (here operationalized as bioethics literacy) among Catholic seminarians in Colombia and to explore the psychometric properties of a questionnaire designed to measure bioethics literacy in this population. A cross-sectional observational study was conducted through the administration of a structured questionnaire consisting of 32 multiple-choice items with a single correct answer addressing philosophical foundations, personalist bioethics, bioethical principles, clinical bioethics, and issues related to biotechnology. A total of 216 complete questionnaires were analyzed using descriptive statistics and exploratory psychometric analyses, including item difficulty and discrimination, internal consistency, and exploratory factor analysis. The results showed a moderate overall level of bioethics literacy, with better performance in applied domains such as clinical bioethics and bioethical principles, and lower levels of correct responses in philosophical foundations and personalist bioethics. The questionnaire showed moderate internal consistency and a preliminary factorial structure, suggesting its usefulness as an exploratory tool for assessing bioethical knowledge in seminary educational contexts. These results highlight the importance of strengthening the integration between philosophical and theological education and the applied analysis of bioethical problems in seminary educational programs.

Background/Objectives: Metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (mTNBC) carries a poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Sacituzumab govitecan (SG), an anti-Trop-2 antibody–drug conjugate, has shown activity in this setting, but a quantitative synthesis integrating randomized and real-world evidence—particularly in underrepresented subgroups—was lacking. We aimed to summarize the comparative benefit of SG, which derives from a single randomized trial, and to assess whether trial-level efficacy is consistent with the activity observed in routine practice. Methods: Following PRISMA 2020, we searched PubMed/MEDLINE and Web of Science (January 2017–April 2026) for trials and observational cohorts of SG monotherapy in mTNBC. Comparative effects were taken from randomized data; single-arm efficacy (objective response rate [ORR], clinical benefit rate [CBR], median progression-free [PFS], and overall survival [OS]) was pooled using random-effects models. Risk of bias was assessed with RoB 2 and ROBINS-I. The review was registered in the Open Science Framework. Results: Nine studies (1242 patients; 980 SG-treated) were included: one randomized trial (ASCENT), two single-arm trials, and six real-world cohorts. In ASCENT, SG improved PFS (hazard ratio [HR] 0.41, 95% CI 0.33–0.63) and OS (HR 0.51, 0.42–0.64). Pooled ORR was 31.1% (28.0–34.4), and CBR was 42.2% (37.7–46.8), with the median PFS being 4.8 months (4.4–5.3) and OS being 11.0 months (9.3–13.0); trial-derived and real-world estimates were concordant. The benefit persisted in older patients (HR 0.25) and Black women (HR 0.44) but not in those with brain metastases (HR 0.68, 0.38–1.23). Conclusions: SG shows clinically meaningful activity in mTNBC that is broadly consistent between controlled trials and routine practice. Comparative superiority over chemotherapy rests on a single randomized trial (ASCENT); the pooled single-arm estimates describe activity and its consistency rather than a comparative effect.