Lansium domesticum Coor. is a fruit species from the Meliaceae family, which is a tropical plant native to Southeast Asia. Local citizens call it langsat, longkong, or duku and have used it as traditional medicine. The seeds of L. domesticum are used as a fever medicine, its bark is used to treat scorpion sting, and its leaves are used to repel mosquitoes. Because of its various uses, it is necessary to explore the antiradical potential of L. domesticum seeds. This study aims to determine the antiradical potential of L. domesticum seeds extract and fractions by using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method and to discover compounds that act as antiradical. Lansium domesticum seed powder was macerated with methanol, and then the extract was concentrated using a rotary evaporator and fractionated by n-hexane and ethyl acetate. The antiradical assay was conducted on extract and fractions by using DPPH radicals. Phenolic and flavonoid contents from extract and fractions were also tested. The ethyl acetate fraction obtained strong antiradical potential with an IC50 value of 8.938 � 0.031 �g/mL. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents of ethyl acetate fraction were higher with values ??of 58.25 � 0.501 mgGAE/g sample and 75.123 � 0.175 mgQE/g sample, respectively. Correlation of phenolic and flavonoid contents, which inhibited radicals had R2 values ??of 0.9182 and 0.7658. Ethyl acetate fraction of L. domesticum seeds had very strong antiradical activity. Further isolation is expected to be conducted to discover which compounds are the most responsible as antiradical.

Sansevieria trifasciata Prain holds great potential as a valuable asset in pharmaceutical development. In this study, our focus is to explore and assess the antibacterial activity of various components derived from this plant, including extracts, fractions, subfractions, and isolates, explicitly targeting two common bacteria: Escherichia coli and Streptococcus aureus. The isolated compound, identified as a derivative pyridone alkaloid (5-methyl-11-(2-oxopyridin-1(2H)-yl)undecaneperoxoicacid), demonstrates notable antibacterial effects. The extracts, fractions, subfractions, and isolates reveal significant bacterial growth reductions (p < 0.05). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for Escherichia coli were 1.95 ppm, 3.9 ppm, 15.62 ppm, and 7.81 ppm, respectively, while the MIC values for Streptococcus aureus were 1.95 ppm, 1.95 ppm, 15.62 ppm, and 7.81 ppm, respectively. Computational analysis showed the isolates’ interaction with key residues on the active site of β-ketoacyl-ACP synthase from Escherichia coli and TyrRS from Streptococcus aureus. The findings indicate that the isolates exhibit a strong affinity for specific residues, including His333, Cys163, and Phe392 in β-ketoacyl-ACP synthase, as well as Arg88, His117, Glu160, and Gln213 in TyrRS. Comparative energy calculations using MMPBSA demonstrate the isolates’ favorable binding energy (−104,101 kJ/mol for β-ketoacyl-ACP synthase and −81,060 kJ/mol for TyrRS) compared to ciprofloxacin. The elucidated antibacterial activity and molecular interactions of the isolates present valuable knowledge for future in vitro studies, facilitating the development of novel antibacterial agents targeting diverse bacterial strains.

Context: Dracaena trifasciata Prain has shown potential in pharmaceutical research, particularly for its antidiabetic properties. Investigating its effects on α-glucosidase enzyme inhibition can provide insights into its role as an antidiabetic agent. Aims: To evaluate the antidiabetic activity of the ethyl acetate fraction and subfractions from D. trifasciata against α-glucosidase through in vitro assay and analyze molecular interactions, absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME), toxicity, and stability through in silico studies. Methods: An α-glucosidase enzyme assay was performed using the ethyl acetate fraction (FE), subfraction C (SC), and subfraction E (SE) at concentrations of 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 µg/mL. Acarbose was used as the control. Computational docking, drug-likeness, ADME and toxicity analysis, molecular dynamics, and Molecular Mechanics, General Born Surface Area (MM/GBSA) energy analysis were conducted on methyl pyrophaeophorbide A and (2S)-3',4'-methylenedioxy-5,7-dimethoxyflavone from SE against α-glucosidase. Results: At 500 µg/mL, the inhibition percentages for the FE, SC, SE, and acarbose (1 µg/mL) were 70.11%, 69.89%, 75.17%, and 72.20%, respectively. IC50 values were 170.82 µg/mL (FE), 183.47 µg/mL (SC), 74.89 µg/mL (SE), and 0.29 µg/mL (acarbose). Molecular docking showed (2S)-3',4'-methylenedioxy-5,7-dimethoxyflavone interacting with α-glucosidase via hydrogen bonds with Arg552 and hydrophobic interactions with Asp232, Trp329, Asp469, Asp568, and Phe601. Although the analysis results indicate a safer ADME profile and lower toxicity for methyl pyropheophorbide A compared to (2S)-3',4'-methylenedioxy-5,7-dimethoxyflavone. The (2S)-3',4'-methylenedioxy-5,7-dimethoxyflavone also demonstrated good stability and favorable binding energy (-33.86 kJ/mol) compared to acarbose. Conclusions: Subfraction E of D. trifasciata demonstrates promising antidiabetic activity through α-glucosidase inhibition, with (2S)-3',4'-methylenedioxy-5,7-dimethoxyflavone showing strong binding affinity. These findings support further investigation of D. trifasciata as a potential source of novel antidiabetic agents.

Tubuh merespon cedera atau kerusakan jaringan dengan inflamasi, yang menyebabkan berbagai sensasi seperti rasa sakit, kemerahan, pembengkakan, panas, dan penurunan fungsi di daerah yang terluka. Daun maja (Aegle marmelos L.) secara empiris telah digunakan sebagai obat radang. Diketahui daun maja memiliki kemampuan antioksidan yang sangat kuat sehingga berpotensi sebagai antiinflamasi yang kuat. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengidentifikasi potensi antiinflamasi serta menentukan kadar total fenolik dan flavonoid daun maja. Uji aktivitas antiinflamasi dilakukan menggunakan metode penghambatan denaturasi protein, dengan mengukur persentase penghambatan denaturasi albumin serum pada konsentrasi tertentu. Analisis kadar fenolik total dilakukan menggunakan metode Folin-Ciocalteu, dengan asam galat sebagai standar, sementara kadar flavonoid total dianalisis menggunakan metode kompleksasi aluminium, menggunakan kuersetin sebagai standar. Pengukuran dilakukan menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-Vis pada panjang gelombang tertentu. Hasil skrining fitokimia daun maja mengandung alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, tanin, dan terpenoid. Kadar fenolik dan flavonoid total tertinggi berturut-turut yaitu fraksi etil asetat sebanyak 374.17 mgEAG/g dan 394.07 mgEK/g sampel. Hasil uji aktivitas antiinflamasi menggunakan metode penghambatan denaturasi protein Bovin Serum Albumin (BSA) diperoleh nilai IC₅₀ pada ekstrak metanol, fraksi n-heksana, fraksi etil asetat, dan fraksi air berturut-turut adalah 32.088 µg/mL, 18.361 µg/mL, 14.243 µg/mL, dan 38.894 µg/mL. Pengujian antiinflamasi menemukan bahwa fraksi etil asetat memiliki nilai IC₅₀ tertinggi yang menunjukkan bahwa fraksi etil asetat daun Aegle marmelos L. memiliki potensi aktivitas antiinflamasi yang baik dibandingkan dengan ekstrak dan fraksi lainnya. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa daun Aegle marmelos L. memiliki aktivitas sebagai antiinflamasi.

The exploration of Tectona grandis Linn. from Indonesia, especially its use as an anti-diabetes agent is still quite limited. This study aims to determine the antidiabetic activity of the fractions from Tectona grandis Linn. leaves in male Rattus norvegicus. The animal blood glucose level was measured first as T0, then the animals were injected with streptozotocin (STZ) 40 mg/Kg BW to induce diabetes mellitus (DM), and then the blood was collected to determine the blood glucose level (T1). The animal was divided into six groups, namely normal group (NC) without treatment, positive control (K+) (DM+glibenclamide 5 mg), negative control (K-) (DM+NaCMC 0.5%), fractions group (DM+nHexane fraction (P1), DM+chloroform fraction (P2), and DM+ethyl acetate fraction (P3), each dose 300 mg/kg BW). The duration of treatment was 7 days, and at the end of treatment, the blood glucose levels were determined. The T0, T1, and T2 are analyzed using One-Way ANOVA and post-hoc LSD. The results obtained that the K+, P3, P2, and P1 groups were able to reduce the animals' blood glucose levels significantly (p0.05). Consequently, Tectona grandis Linn ...

Sansevieria trifasciata Prain. : A Review on Its Phytochemicals and Pharmacological Potential