First aid during a seizure is critical, but many people in Jazan, Saudi Arabia may not know what to do. This is because epilepsy is often stigmatized in the region and regarded as a spiritual or mental disorder. This study investigated the awareness of seizure first aid among the population living in Jazan. An online survey was conducted. Healthcare workers and people who had never heard of epilepsy were excluded. Participants were asked to identify correct measures of seizure first aid from a list of 20 statements [9 correct and 11 incorrect]. A composite awareness score was calculated by subtracting the number of incorrect statements from the number of correct statements. Participants were classified into three groups: high, intermediate, and low awareness. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with high awareness. Of the 1215 participants, 80.5 % had low awareness of seizure first aid. The most common correct responses were clearing the area of dangerous objects (91.3 %), putting a pillow under the neck (69.3 %), and timing the seizure (68.5 %). However, only 32.2 % knew to tell the person what happened after the seizure. The most common misconception was that an ambulance should be called immediately, regardless of the details (88.3 %). Other common misconceptions included putting something in the person's mouth (87.5 %), holding them down (83.0 %), taking out their contact lenses (79.9 %), and giving antiseizure medications orally (73.2 %). People who previously watched an educational video on seizure first aid (OR = 4.27, 95 % CI = 1.48–12.34, p = .007) or who knew someone with epilepsy (OR = 9.01, 95 % CI = 2.82–28.83, p < .001) were more likely to have a high awareness of seizure first aid. The study found that most people in Jazan, Saudi Arabia do not know how to provide first aid for seizures. The findings inform future research and highlight the need for increased education and training on seizure first aid in this region.

Pain management with opioid medication is associated with several side effects. Opioid-induced adrenal insufficiency by suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is one of them that needs to be considered. The possible effects of opioid use on adrenal function are addressed in this case report. This is a case of a 21-year-old female patient with sickle cell disease who started, for the last year, on extended-release morphine sulfate 45mg daily in an attempt to control the severity of her pain and frequent admission with the vaso-occlusive crisis. She presented with a sepsis-like presentation and received vasopressor, empiric antibiotics, and glucocorticoid. She experienced low blood pressure and low blood glucose after weaning off of steroids. A diagnosis of secondary adrenal insufficiency was established after comprehensive reevaluation and confirmed by morning cortisol value and ACTH stimulation test. Her long-term use of opioids was considered the underlying cause of her secondary adrenal insufficiency after the exclusion of other causes and the normal pituitary gland on the brain magnetic resonance image. She received maintenance hydrocortisone. On follow-up, the patient showed effective improvement, and her adrenal function recovered after discontinuation of the morphine over the following six months. In conclusion, OIAI is an under-recognized condition of adrenal insufficiency secondary to long-term exposure to opioids. OIAI can cause symptoms and may result in potentially life-threatening adrenal crises, but it can be managed. A direct detrimental impact on the hypothalamus and pituitary gland mostly causes the suppression of cortisol secretion by opioids. Understanding how to diagnose and treat OIAI is crucial, particularly since opioids are widely used. To determine the frequency and clinical importance of opioid-induced adrenal insufficiency and if hormone replacement therapy is necessary, more research is required.

Aims/Background: The World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0) is extensively used internationally for assessing disabilities across diverse cultures and health conditions; however, psychometric validation of its Arabic version remains scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties regarding the Arabic WHODAS 2.0 using Rasch analysis, providing the first validation evidence of reliability, validity, dimensionality, and item functioning among individuals with disabilities in Arabic-speaking populations. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 486 Arabic-speaking participants. Rasch analysis was performed using WINSTEPS software to assess item fit, item and person reliability, unidimensionality, separation indices, differential item functioning (DIF), and category functioning. Results: The Arabic WHODAS 2.0 showed strong person (0.80) and item (0.99) reliability, with adequate item-person targeting. Most items fit the Rasch model, except for World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 5 (WHODAS5), which displayed misfit and disorder thresholds. Principal component analysis supported unidimensionality (53.4% variance explained), and no significant DIF was detected across the demographic groups. Conclusion: The Arabic version of the WHODAS 2.0 is a reliable and valid tool for assessing disability in Arabic-speaking populations. Overall, it demonstrated strong psychometric properties, although the WHODAS5 requires revision. This scale is suitable for clinical and research use, with recommendations for further qualitative validation and longitudinal testing.

Background/Objectives: Obesity among university students is a growing concern, often influenced by biological, psychological, and social factors. Few studies in Saudi Arabia have addressed this issue using a comprehensive framework. This study aims to examine the prevalence of obesity and its biopsychosocial predictors among university students, as well as their perceptions, behaviors, and comorbidities. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Jazan University during the 2024–2025 academic year. A total of 819 undergraduate students completed a structured, self-administered Arabic questionnaire. The tool assessed sociodemographic variables, body mass index (BMI) (calculated from self-reported height and weight), biological and psychological factors, social influences, lifestyle behaviors, and comorbidities. Bivariate associations were tested using chi-square analyses, and multivariate logistic regression was used to identify independent predictors of obesity. Results: The prevalence of obesity was 19.6%, and 22.6% of students were overweight. Obesity was significantly more prevalent among males (26.7%) than females (9.6%, p < 0.001) and among students aged 24 years and above (24.0%, p = 0.024). Independent predictors of obesity included being overweight in childhood (AOR = 5.23, 95% CI: 3.47–7.90), belief in a genetic predisposition (AOR = 4.66), emotional eating (AOR = 2.57), academic or personal stress (AOR = 5.36), and social pressures related to body image (AOR = 2.96). Comorbidities significantly associated with obesity included high cholesterol (AOR = 5.40), sleep disorders (AOR = 2.99), and joint pain (AOR = 1.96). More than 80% of students with obesity reported current or past weight loss attempts, and nearly 60% received medical advice to lose weight. Conclusions: Obesity among Jazan University students is significantly associated with male gender, early-life weight history, emotional and academic stress, and social pressures. Students with obesity also experience a higher burden of comorbid conditions, even at a young age. These findings highlight the need for integrated, student-centered interventions that address both the psychological and social dimensions of weight management in university settings.

Background: Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) is an extremely rare type of vasculitis characterized by inflammation within small blood vessels or tissues that may cause damage to the lungs, heart, kidneys, and other organs. Here, we present a rare case of EGPA with cardiac involvement that presented with acute heart failure. Clinical findings: A 44-year-old woman with a history of bronchial asthma and sinusitis pre-sented with fever, shortness of breath, fatigue, unintentional weight loss, and polyarthritis. Physical examination revealed a fine basal crepitation and mononeuritis multiplex. Diagnosis: The peripheral film revealed dimorphic features, an elevated eosinophil count, low hemoglobin (Hb), and abnormally high lactate dehydrogenase levels. The cardiac enzyme levels were elevated upon admission. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) revealed global hypokinesia and features suggestive of myocarditis. Echocardiography showed a low ejection fraction of 25%. Thus, the patient diagnosed with EPGA and myocarditis presented with acute heart failure. Interventions: The patient was administered high-dose corticosteroids (intravenous bolus methylprednisolone 500 mg for three days, followed by 1 mg/kg of prednisolone) and cyclo-phosphamide 750 mg intravenously. Outcome: After one months, the patient showed a marked improvement in clinical and labora-tory parameters. The ejection fraction improved to 30-40%, the eosinophil count returned to normal, and the hemolytic anemia resolved. The patient was sent home with mycophenolate mofetil 1 g twice a day as maintenance therapy. Conclusion: Patients with EGPA have a higher morbidity and mortality rate when they have cardiac in-volvement. The pathophysiological mechanism of cardiac involvement in EGPA warrants con-sideration of immunosuppressive therapy in addition to standard heart failure treatment.