Carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC)-based hydrogels have emerged as promising candidates for wound dressing applications due to their excellent biocompatibility and tunable physicochemical properties. In this study, a novel hydrogel functionalized with hyaluronic acid (HA) and RGD peptides (RGD) was fabricated and evaluated for its structural characteristics and wound-healing potential. Using CMC as the base matrix and EDC/NHS as crosslinking agents, four hydrogel variants were fabricated: CMC gel, CMC-HA gel, CMC-RGD gel, and CMC-HA-RGD gel. The preliminary cell compatibility experiment identified the optimal formulation as 1% CMC, 0.9% HA, and 0.02 mg/mL RGD, crosslinked with 1 vol% EDC and 0.05 wt% NHS. Scanning electron microscopy showed a porous architecture (100–400 μm), conducive to fibroblast viability and proliferation. Zeta potential measurements (|ζ| > 30 mV) indicated colloidal stability of the hydrogel system. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed successful crosslinking and integration of HA and RGD via hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions, forming a stable three-dimensional network. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed enhanced thermal stability upon HA/RGD incorporation. CCK-8 assays demonstrated significantly improved cell viability with HA/RGD loading (p < 0.05), while Ki-67 immunofluorescence confirmed enhanced fibroblast proliferation, with the CMC-HA-RGD gel showing the most pronounced effect. In vitro scratch assay results demonstrated that the CMC-HA-RGD hydrogel dressing significantly enhanced cellular migration compared to other carboxymethyl chitosan-based hydrogel groups (p < 0.05). The observed statistically significant improvement in cell migration rate versus controls underscores the distinctive enhancement of synergistic HA and RGD modification in accelerating cellular migration and facilitating wound repair. Collectively, these findings suggest that the CMC-HA-RGD hydrogel possesses favorable physicochemical and biological properties and holds strong potential as an advanced wound dressing for the treatment of chronic and refractory wounds.

As the focus on green chemistry intensifies, researchers are progressively looking to incorporate biodegradable and environmentally friendly solvents. Given the prevalent use of inorganic solvents in conventional methods for detecting selenium content, this study utilized a mixture design approach to create four deep eutectic solvents (DESs). The elements of the DESs consisted of six different compounds: guanidine hydrochloride, fructose, glycerol, citric acid, proline, and choline chloride. The synthesized deep eutectic solvents (DESs) exhibited a uniform and transparent appearance. The ideal ratios for each DES were established based on their density and viscosity measurements, leading to the formulations of DES1 (34% guanidine hydrochloride, 21% fructose, 45% water), DES2 (23% guanidine hydrochloride, 32% glycerol, 45% water), DES3 (27.5% citric acid, 27.5% proline, 45% water), and DES4 (30% choline chloride, 25% citric acid, 45% water). The characterization of the deep eutectic solvents (DESs) was performed using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and infrared (IR) spectroscopy, which confirmed the molecular formation of each DES. Following this, the DESs were applied as extraction solvents in a process involving ultrasonic-assisted microextraction (UAE) combined with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to assess the selenium levels in selenium-rich rice. The results were benchmarked against traditional microwave-assisted acid digestion (TM-AD), revealing selenium recovery rates ranging from 85.5% to 106.7%. These results indicate that UAE is an effective method for extracting selenium from selenium-rich rice, thereby establishing a solid data foundation for the environmentally friendly analysis of selenium content in rice.

Disruption of the wound microenvironment by bacterial infection and excessive inflammation severely delays tissue repair, making multifunctional hydrogels that combine infection control and immune regulation highly desirable. Building on our previously reported carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) hydrogel incorporating hyaluronic acid (HA) and RGD peptide (RGD), this study extended its evaluation to antibacterial activity, hemostatic behavior, and in vivo wound repair. Four formulations—CMC, CMC-HA, CMC-RGD, and CMC-HA-RGD—contained 1 wt% CMC with 0.9 wt% HA and/or 0.02 mg/mL RGD. Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) was assessed by agar diffusion, while hemostatic behavior and wound repair were evaluated using mouse tail-transection and aseptically established full-thickness skin-wound models. Histology, immunohistochemistry, and serum enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to assess tissue repair and inflammatory markers. CMC-HA-RGD produced inhibition-zone areas of 2.0 cm² against E. coli and 6.0 cm² against S. aureus. The RGD-containing formulations showed reductions in visible bleeding. Wound closure with CMC-HA-RGD reached 41.39%, 71.18%, and 95.56% on days 3, 7, and 14, respectively, compared with 16.47%, 58.18%, and 79.85% for CMC. Histology showed more complete epidermal–dermal architecture and denser collagen deposition. On day 14, relative to CMC, CMC-HA-RGD showed 35.37% and 37.74% lower interleukin-1β (IL-1β)- and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-positive areas, respectively, while the collagen I-positive area increased from 63.36% to 72.58%. Serum interferon-γ (IFN-γ), IL-1β, and TNF-α concentrations were 9.08%, 18.01%, and 11.85% lower than those in the CMC group. Collectively, incorporating HA and RGD improved the antibacterial and hemostatic performance of the CMC hydrogel, attenuated local and systemic inflammatory responses, and promoted tissue remodeling, supporting its potential as a multifunctional wound dressing.