This study explores developing and optimizing a nanoemulsion (NE) system loaded with dipyridamole and roflumilast, aiming to improve skin penetration and retention. The NE formulation was further transformed into a nanoemulgel to enhance its application as a topical treatment for psoriasis. Solubility studies were conducted to select the oil, surfactant, and co-surfactant. Phase diagrams were constructed using the aqueous phase titration method. All the formulations were in nanoscale, and Formula (F2) (which contains oleic acid oil as the oil phase, a mixture of Surfactant Tween 80 and co-surfactant (ethanol) at a ratio of 1:2 in addition to distilled water as an aqueous phase in a ratio of 1:5:4, respectively) was the selected formula depending on the particle size, PDI, and zeta potential. Formula (F2) has the best ratio because it gives the smallest nanoemulsion globule size (particle size average of 167.1 nm), the best homogenicity (lowest PDI of 0.195), and the highest stability (higher zeta potential of −32.22). The selected formula was converted into a nanoemulgel by the addition of 0.5% (w/w) xanthan gum (average particle size of 172.7 nm) and the best homogenicity (lowest PDI of 0.121%) and highest stability (higher zeta potential of −28.31). In conclusion, the selected formula has accepted physical and chemical properties, which enhanced skin penetration.

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak that is causing coronavirus disease 2019 is being deemed a pandemic because of its quick spread around the globe. Because chest X-ray pictures have shown to be beneficial in monitoring a variety of lung disorders, they have recently been utilized to monitor COVID-19 disease. It takes time to manually analyze a lot of chest X-ray pictures. Several previous studies have suggested machine-learning (ML)-based techniques for COVID-19 detection from chest X-ray pictures as a solution to this issue. Though little effort has been made to use traditional machine learning (ML) methods, the majority of these investigations use deep learning (DL) based techniques. Conventional ML-based algorithms will be favored for implementation if they can yield identical outcomes as DL-based methods. In this effort, we constructed four classic ML-based models for COVID-19 identification, driven by the need to close the gap in the literature. The accuracy rates for the various classification models were as follows, according to the results: 93.4% for Support Vector Machine (SVM), 93.3% for Random Forest (RF), 90.5% for K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), and 87.9% for Decision Tree (DT). The results of the study showed that machine learning-based algorithms can produce great results for COVID-19 identification by being refined and improved using several well-known data preparation approaches.

The study’s aim was to examine the antihyperlipidemic effect of apigenin in mice as a model. Healthy adult albino mice of either sex were selected to use for this study. Four groups of animals were formed of 5 mice each. Animals Group 1 served as a negative control and fed the standard diet and tap water. Groups 2,3 and 4 were fed fatty diet and 1% water with H2O2 for 90 days to induce hyperlipidemia. After hyperlipidemic induction, group 2 served as a positive control, whereas group 3 was treated orally with apigenin 50 mg/kg/day for 14 constitutive days. Group 4 was treated by rosuvastatin (an antihyprlipidemic drug) orally at 7 mg/kg for 14 constitutive days. Blood samples were collected from all of the animals at the beginning of the study to measure the lipid profile. Then these were rechecked again after 12 weeks of feeding a high-fat diet, and then at the end of the experiment for the treated groups. The results demonstrated that the apigenin at 50mg/kg significantly reduced hyperlipidemia manifested by decreased TC, LDL-C, Triglyceride and elevation of HDL-C in comparison with the positive control group. The results, obtained by apigenin were the in accordance with those of the standard drug rosuvastatin for TC and LDL-C. This study concluded that apigenin lowered plasma cholesterol and triglycerides levels in mice.

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate effect of luteolin nanoparticles cream on wound healing in rabbit skin. Martial and Methods: Thirty male rabbits were used in this study. Wound in skin was induced in all rabbits and divided into 5 groups. Group 1: no wound carried out (negative control), Group2: (positive control) dressing wounds by cream only while Groups 3,4,5: dressing wounds by luteolin nanoparticles cream (1%, 2%, 4%), respectively. Treatment was repeated every day. The wound size, tissue type observation assessment were measured at 1st, 3th, 7th days of the experimental procedure. Results: At 3th day no significant difference between negative and positive control groups was observed but there are significantly difference between all treated groups of luteolin nanoparticles cream at (1%, 2%, 4%) in comparison to positive control and negative control groups . At day 7 there were significant difference in wounds size between groups treated with luteolin nanoparticles in different concentrations (9.3±1.3, 7.3±0.6 and 4.0±1.1),respectively and between negative control groups whereas no significant difference within groups treated with luteolin nanoparticles cream in 1%, 2% and 4% (9.3±1.3,7.3±0. 6 and 4.0±1.1 mm), respectively. Clinical finding of the tissue type that present in the wound showed that epithelization in all groups treated with luteolin nanoparticles in different concentrations in comparison to negative and positive control. Conclusions: Topical application luteolin nanoparticles cream in different concentrations accelerate skin wounds healing in rabbits.

Background : Thyroid hormones are essential for the growth and maintenance of the central nervous system. Those in charge how quickly brain and neural cells grow and change during development. Aims of the study: To explore the ameliorating effect of Ashwagandha Roots extract (Withania somnifera) in male rats after early postnatal hypothyroidism induced by propylthiouracil. Material and methods: Forty healthy Albino male rat pups were at postnatal day 3(PND3) divided into four groups (10 pups per group): Group 1: Control group, pups received distilled water (D.W.) for 21 days orally then continuous administration for further 21 days. The groups 2, 3, 4 were received Propylthiouracil (1mg/kg) from PND3 for 21 day to induce hypothyroidism state. Then group 2 received D.W. for 21 days from PND24 to PND45 to encounter the same conditions as other groups, while group 3 were received Levothyroxine (4µg/100g/day) orally for further 21days, finally group 4 received Ashwagandha Roots extract (200 mg/kg) orally for 21 day. Hormonal assay, developmental tests, and behavioral tests were done. Result: The present study showed that PTU cause significant decrease in total serum T4 hormone level in the hypothyroid pups in comparison to the control group, these deficiencies during development period in rat’s life causes severely impairment in growth and development of the rat’s brain as well impairing behavior. Conclusion: The oral administration of Ashwagandha Roots extract showed ameliorating effects compared to levothyroxine effects on Hypothyroidism and related damage in brain maturation.

BACKGROUND: Disorders of bone healing still constitute real challenges in clinical care today.. However, the bone filling materials delivery requires surgical implantation at the site of fracture, which may result in local complications. Therefore administered osteogenic drugs will provide an excellent method for bone lesion healing. Metformin osteogenic effect through increasing osteoblasts and decreasing osteoclasts Aim of the study: to evaluate the systemic effect of metformin administration on bone healing at bony defect site by measuring the gene expression of osteocalcin and vitamin D receptors Material and Methods: Twenty mature male rabbits were used and separated into two groups, ten in each group. Under general anesthesia, the same surgical procedure was performed on all rabbits. After the femur is surgically exposed, two holes 3 mm in diameter and 3 mm depth are prepared and left empty. The study lasts for 28 days. Metformin administered orally to the rabbits in a dose of 50 mg/ kg for 28 days. Animals were sacrificed at two times intervals according to their groups at 14th and 28th day after surgery according to several studies. The femur isolated, sectioned, and bone specimens taken from the site of defect, the specimen placed in phosphate buffer saline until assessed for quantitative-PCR(QPCR). Result: showed that there was an increase in the quantitative gene expression of both osteocalcin and vitamin D receptors in the metformin-treated group than in the control group in both study time periods. Conclusion: Metformin increase bone healing and regeneration at the bone defect sites and enhance the process of osteogenesis and osseointegration more than the control untreated rabbits.