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Wen J. Wang
Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China

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Article
Published: 05 February 2020 in Climate Dynamics
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Extreme precipitation response to increasing temperature includes not only changes of frequency and intensity, but also changes of extreme precipitation interval (EPIV) and the precipitation during the neighboring daily extreme precipitations interval (EPIP). These changes have not been fully evaluated yet in observations or climate model simulations although they are very useful to understand variations of extreme precipitation. We used daily precipitation data from 669 meteorological stations during the past five decades across China and projections of 19 general circulation models from CMIP5 under the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios to investigate variations of EPIV and EPIP. We found the national average annual EPIV increased across China during the last five decades, while annual EPIP significantly decreased. The decreases mainly occurred in southwest China, east China, and southeast China. At national and regional scales, the average annual EPIV and EPIP showed greater decreases under the RCP8.5 scenario than those under the RCP4.5 scenario from 2006 to 2100. Annual EPIP showed a stronger correlation with extreme precipitation intensity than EPIV. The national average annual EPIP had a significant positive correlation with the Western Pacific Subtropical High Area Index. The abnormal geopotential heights over western Mongolia and the western Pacific at 500 hpa as well as the abnormal SSTs in Japan Sea and the western of Pacific in rainy seasons would result in abnormal annual EPIVs and EPIPs in China. This study may provide references for flooding prediction, water resources management, and disaster prevention and mitigation.

ACS Style

Lei Wang; Wen J. Wang; Haibo Du; Zhengfang Wu; Xiangjin Shen; Shuang Ma. Decreasing precipitation occurs in daily extreme precipitation intervals across China in observations and model simulations. Climate Dynamics 2020, 54, 2597 -2612.

AMA Style

Lei Wang, Wen J. Wang, Haibo Du, Zhengfang Wu, Xiangjin Shen, Shuang Ma. Decreasing precipitation occurs in daily extreme precipitation intervals across China in observations and model simulations. Climate Dynamics. 2020; 54 (5-6):2597-2612.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lei Wang; Wen J. Wang; Haibo Du; Zhengfang Wu; Xiangjin Shen; Shuang Ma. 2020. "Decreasing precipitation occurs in daily extreme precipitation intervals across China in observations and model simulations." Climate Dynamics 54, no. 5-6: 2597-2612.

Journal article
Published: 11 June 2019 in Forests
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Shifts in alpine tundra plant species have important consequences for biodiversity and ecosystem services. However, recent research on upward species shifts have focused mainly on polar and high-latitude regions and it therefore remains unclear whether such vegetation change trends also are applicable to the alpine tundra at the southern edges of alpine tundra species distribution. This study evaluated an alpine tundra region within the Changbai Mountains, China, that is part of the southernmost alpine tundra in eastern Eurasia. We investigated plant species shifts in alpine tundra within the Changbai Mountains over the last three decades (1984–2015) by comparing contemporary survey results with historical ones and evaluated potential changes in the distribution of dwarf shrub and herbaceous species over the next three decades (2016–2045) using a combination of observations and simulations. The results of this study revealed that the encroachment of herbaceous plants had altered tundra vegetation to a significant extent over the last three decades, especially within low and middle alpine tundra regions in Changbai Mountains, China. The herbaceous species would continue shifting upward and expanding while their dwarf shrub counterparts would continue shifting upward and shrinking over the next three decades under the RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios. The upward shifts of plant species would not keep up with the rate of climate warming under the RCP 8.5 scenarios. The dominant plant tundra species may transform from dwarf shrubs to herbaceous varieties. The results of this study provide a scientific basis for biodiversity protection under climate change and a reference data set for additional research on alpine vegetation dynamics.

ACS Style

Lei Wang; Wen J. Wang; Zhengfang Wu; Haibo Du; Shengwei Zong; Shuang Ma. Potential Distribution Shifts of Plant Species under Climate Change in Changbai Mountains, China. Forests 2019, 10, 498 .

AMA Style

Lei Wang, Wen J. Wang, Zhengfang Wu, Haibo Du, Shengwei Zong, Shuang Ma. Potential Distribution Shifts of Plant Species under Climate Change in Changbai Mountains, China. Forests. 2019; 10 (6):498.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lei Wang; Wen J. Wang; Zhengfang Wu; Haibo Du; Shengwei Zong; Shuang Ma. 2019. "Potential Distribution Shifts of Plant Species under Climate Change in Changbai Mountains, China." Forests 10, no. 6: 498.

Journal article
Published: 25 September 2018 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Forest swamps are widely distributed in cold temperate regions, with important landscape and ecological functions. They are prone to conversion caused by complex factors. Forest swamp conversions involve forest swamping, meadow swamping, water body swamping, and conversion to farmland. An understanding of the landscape characteristics and primary environmental factors driving forest swamp conversions is imperative for exploring the mechanism of forest swamp conversions. We investigated the landscape characteristics of forest swamp conversions and quantified the relative importance of environmental factors driving these conversions for the period from 1990 to 2015 in the Great Xing’an Mountains of China. We found that forest swamping displayed high patch numbers (34,916) and density (8.51/100 ha), commonly occurring at the edge of large areas of forests. Meadow swamping was localized with low patch numbers (3613) and density (0.88/100 ha) due to lack of water recharge from ground water. Water body swamping had complex shapes (perimeter area ratio mean = 348.32) because of water table fluctuations and helophyte growth during this conversion process. Conversions to farmland presented fairly regular (perimeter area ratio mean = 289.91) and aggregated (aggregation index = 67.82) characteristics affected by agricultural irrigation and management. We found that climatic and geomorphic factors were relatively important compared to topographic factors for forest swamp conversions. Negative geomorphic conditions provided the waterlogging environment as a precondition of swamp formation. Sufficient precipitation was an important source of water recharge due to the existence of permafrost regions and long-term low temperature reduced the evaporation of swamps water and the decomposition rate of organisms. These wet and cold climatic conditions promoted forest swamp development in cold temperate regions. Humans exerted a relatively important role in forest swamping and conversions to farmland. Fire disturbance and logging accelerated the conversion from forest to swamp. This study provides scientific information necessary for the management and conservation of forest swamp resources in cold temperate regions.

ACS Style

Dandan Zhao; Hong S. He; Wen J. Wang; Jiping Liu; Haibo Du; Miaomiao Wu; Xinyuan Tan. Distribution and Driving Factors of Forest Swamp Conversions in a Cold Temperate Region. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2018, 15, 2103 .

AMA Style

Dandan Zhao, Hong S. He, Wen J. Wang, Jiping Liu, Haibo Du, Miaomiao Wu, Xinyuan Tan. Distribution and Driving Factors of Forest Swamp Conversions in a Cold Temperate Region. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2018; 15 (10):2103.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dandan Zhao; Hong S. He; Wen J. Wang; Jiping Liu; Haibo Du; Miaomiao Wu; Xinyuan Tan. 2018. "Distribution and Driving Factors of Forest Swamp Conversions in a Cold Temperate Region." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 10: 2103.

Research article
Published: 23 September 2018 in International Journal of Climatology
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This study investigated the recent and future spatiotemporal changes in summer hot days (HDs) and heat waves (HWs) and their relationships with large‐scale atmospheric circulations over Northeast China (NEC). We used daily maximum temperature data from 109 meteorological stations for the period 1961–2013 across NEC and the output of 11 general circulation models from Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 emission scenarios. We found that the frequencies and intensities of summer HDs and HWs overall increased in the last 53 years. The increases mainly occurred in the northeastern Inner Mongolia, the north part of the Heilongjiang Province, and southern Changbai Mountains. The during time periods between the start and end dates of HDs were lengthened from 1961 to 2013 in the eastern Inner Mongolia, the northeastern Heilongjiang Province, and the southern Liaoning Province. Our results showed that HDs and HWs exhibited significant increasing trends from 2006 to 2100 under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 emission scenarios. Generally, more frequent and intense summer HDs and HWs would happen in NEC over the 21st century. Especially, the northwest of NEC and the south and middle of Da Hinggan Mountains would experience the most frequent and intense HDs and HWs. The variations in atmospheric circulation in summers with abnormal frequency of HDs and HWs were driven by Asian Zonal Circulation and Western Pacific Subtropical High simultaneously. An anticyclonic circulation anomaly prevailing over the west of NEC and the higher summer surface sea temperature in Japan Sea resulted in more frequent HDs and HWs across NEC. This study may help to understand future changes in HDs and HWs and provide references for water resources management and policy‐making in agriculture and forestry.

ACS Style

Lei Wang; Wen J. Wang; Zhengfang Wu; Haibo Du; Xiangjin Shen; Shuang Ma. Spatial and temporal variations of summer hot days and heat waves and their relationships with large-scale atmospheric circulations across Northeast China. International Journal of Climatology 2018, 38, 5633 -5645.

AMA Style

Lei Wang, Wen J. Wang, Zhengfang Wu, Haibo Du, Xiangjin Shen, Shuang Ma. Spatial and temporal variations of summer hot days and heat waves and their relationships with large-scale atmospheric circulations across Northeast China. International Journal of Climatology. 2018; 38 (15):5633-5645.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lei Wang; Wen J. Wang; Zhengfang Wu; Haibo Du; Xiangjin Shen; Shuang Ma. 2018. "Spatial and temporal variations of summer hot days and heat waves and their relationships with large-scale atmospheric circulations across Northeast China." International Journal of Climatology 38, no. 15: 5633-5645.

Journal article
Published: 04 April 2018 in Sustainability
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Temperate forests in Northeast China have been severely exploited by timber harvesting in the last century. To reverse this trend, China implemented the Classified Forest Management policy in the Natural Forest Conservation Program in 1998 to protect forests from excessive harvesting. However, the policy was unable to meet the 2020 commitment of increasing growing stock (set in the Kyoto Protocol) because of high-intensity harvesting. Accordingly, China banned all commercial harvesting in Northeast China in 2014. In this study, we investigated the long-term impacts of the no commercial harvest (NCH) policy on ecosystem services and biodiversity using a forest landscape model, LANDIS PRO 7.0, in the temperate forests of the Small Khingan Mountains, Northeast China. We designed three management scenarios: The H scenario (the Classified Forest Management policy used in the past), the NCH scenario (the current Commercial Harvest Exclusion policy), and the LT scenario (mitigation management, i.e., light thinning). We compared total aboveground forest biomass, biomass by tree species, abundance of old-growth forests, and diversity of tree species and age class in three scenarios from 2010 to 2100. We found that compared with the H scenario, the NCH scenario increased aboveground forest biomass, abundance of old-growth forests, and biomass of most timber species over time; however, it decreased the biomass of rare and protected tree species and biodiversity. We found that the LT scenario increased the biomass of rare and protected tree species and biodiversity in comparison with the NCH scenario, while it maintained aboveground forest biomass and abundance of old-growth forests at a high level (slightly less than the NCH scenario). We concluded there was trade-off between carbon storage and biodiversity. We also concluded that light thinning treatment was able to regulate the trade-off and alleviate the negative effects associated with the NCH policy. Our results highlighted limitations of the NCH policy and provided new insights into sustainable forest management and the interdependence between human society and the forest ecosystem.

ACS Style

Kai Liu; Yu Liang; Hong S. He; Wen J. Wang; Chao Huang; Shengwei Zong; Lei Wang; Jiangtao Xiao; Haibo Du. Long-Term Impacts of China’s New Commercial Harvest Exclusion Policy on Ecosystem Services and Biodiversity in the Temperate Forests of Northeast China. Sustainability 2018, 10, 1071 .

AMA Style

Kai Liu, Yu Liang, Hong S. He, Wen J. Wang, Chao Huang, Shengwei Zong, Lei Wang, Jiangtao Xiao, Haibo Du. Long-Term Impacts of China’s New Commercial Harvest Exclusion Policy on Ecosystem Services and Biodiversity in the Temperate Forests of Northeast China. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (4):1071.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kai Liu; Yu Liang; Hong S. He; Wen J. Wang; Chao Huang; Shengwei Zong; Lei Wang; Jiangtao Xiao; Haibo Du. 2018. "Long-Term Impacts of China’s New Commercial Harvest Exclusion Policy on Ecosystem Services and Biodiversity in the Temperate Forests of Northeast China." Sustainability 10, no. 4: 1071.

Journal article
Published: 19 March 2018 in Sustainability
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Wetlands in the mid- and high-latitudes are particularly vulnerable to environmental changes and have declined dramatically in recent decades. Climate change and human activities are arguably the most important factors driving wetland distribution changes which will have important implications for wetland ecological functions and services. We analyzed the importance of driving variables for wetland distribution and investigated the relative importance of climatic factors and human activity factors in driving historical wetland distribution changes. We predicted wetland distribution changes under climate change and human activities over the 21st century using the Random Forest model in a mid- and high-latitude region of Northeast China. Climate change scenarios included three Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) based on five general circulation models (GCMs) downloaded from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, Phase 5 (CMIP5). The three scenarios (RCP 2.6, RCP 4.5, and RCP 8.5) predicted radiative forcing to peak at 2.6, 4.5, and 8.5 W/m2 by the 2100s, respectively. Our results showed that the variables with high importance scores were agricultural population proportion, warmness index, distance to water body, coldness index, and annual mean precipitation; climatic variables were given higher importance scores than human activity variables on average. Average predicted wetland area among three emission scenarios were 340,000 ha, 123,000 ha, and 113,000 ha for the 2040s, 2070s, and 2100s, respectively. Average change percent in predicted wetland area among three periods was greatest under the RCP 8.5 emission scenario followed by RCP 4.5 and RCP 2.6 emission scenarios, which were 78%, 64%, and 55%, respectively. Losses in predicted wetland distribution were generally around agricultural lands and expanded continually from the north to the whole region over time, while the gains were mostly associated with grasslands and water in the most southern region. In conclusion, climatic factors had larger effects than human activity factors on historical wetland distribution changes and wetland distributions were predicted to decline remarkably over time under climate change scenarios. Our findings have important implications for wetland resource management and restoration because predictions of future wetland changes are needed for wetlands management planning.

ACS Style

Dandan Zhao; Hong He; Wen Wang; Lei Wang; Haibo Du; Kai Liu; Shengwei Zong. Predicting Wetland Distribution Changes under Climate Change and Human Activities in a Mid- and High-Latitude Region. Sustainability 2018, 10, 863 .

AMA Style

Dandan Zhao, Hong He, Wen Wang, Lei Wang, Haibo Du, Kai Liu, Shengwei Zong. Predicting Wetland Distribution Changes under Climate Change and Human Activities in a Mid- and High-Latitude Region. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (3):863.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dandan Zhao; Hong He; Wen Wang; Lei Wang; Haibo Du; Kai Liu; Shengwei Zong. 2018. "Predicting Wetland Distribution Changes under Climate Change and Human Activities in a Mid- and High-Latitude Region." Sustainability 10, no. 3: 863.