This paper aims to systematically review and analyze the literature on green shipping, focusing on research trends, key areas, and future directions. A bibliometric analysis is conducted on 1339 articles published between 2000 and 2023, using data from the SCI-EXPANDED and SSCI core collections on the Web of Science platform. Co-occurrence analyses are performed for authors, countries, institutions, and keywords. The analysis reveals exponential growth in green shipping research over the past decade, with a significant increase since 2019. China leads in publication output and international collaboration. Key research areas identified include sustainable development, green energy, green ports, and green supply chain management. Green shipping research is rapidly expanding, emphasizing sustainable practices and technological advancements. Future research is expected to integrate artificial intelligence, big data analytics, and other advanced technologies to further promote sustainability. Strengthening international cooperation and interdisciplinary integration will be crucial for advancing the global green shipping agenda.

Trade cooperation represents a fundamental and crucial element within the framework of the Belt and Road Initiative. This paper selects representative countries with Belt and Road trade agreement that are under negotiation, under study, and accessible. Employing the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) model, the study simulates seven distinct scenarios for the expansion of these trade agreements, analyzes the economic benefits under different scenarios, and constructs a multi-region input–output table. A Global Trade Analysis Project-Multi Region Input Output (GTAP-MRIO) model is extended to capture carbon flows from maritime trade and port-related logistics sectors. We obtain several findings. Regarding economic benefits, the expansion of the Belt and Road trade agreement can improve China’s terms of trade, increase the scale of China’s total output and total imports, increase GDP growth, and increase social welfare. Regarding industrial output, the output of technology-intensive industries is likely to increase, and the output of energy-intensive industries is predicted to increase significantly. The transfer of carbon emissions from China to other countries is predicted to decrease, and the transfer of carbon emissions from China’s exports comes mainly from energy-intensive industries. These predictions based on model analysis offer theoretical guidance and policy recommendations for the pursuit of green and high-quality sustainable development within the framework of the Belt and Road Initiative.

This paper identifies the impact of China-U.S. science and technology (S&T) friction on knowledge flows in different fields, using data on invention patent applications from China, the U.S., Europe, and the World Patent Office (WPO) along with machine-learning-based econometric methods. The empirical results find that the negative impacts of China-U.S. S&T frictions on cross-border knowledge flows are confined to a limited number of technology areas during the period of our observation. This paper further explores the characteristics of the negatively impacted technology areas, and the empirical results show that technology areas that rely more on basic scientific research, where the distribution of U.S. scientific and technological strength is more concentrated, and where the gap between U.S. and Chinese science and technology is narrower, are more likely to be the victims of the Sino-U.S. S&T friction.