We present high-angular resolution observations, conducted with the Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array (ALMA) in Band 6, of high-excitation molecular lines of ${\mathrm{CH}}_3\mathrm{CN}$, CH₃OH, and the H29$\alpha$ radio recombination line, towards the G333.6-0.2 ultracompact (UC) H ii region. Our observations reveal three hot molecular cores: A, B, and C, where emission is detected in ten components of the $J=14\to 13$ rotational ladder of ${\mathrm{CH}}_3\mathrm{CN}$ and in the CH₃OH $J=5_{1,4}\to 4_{1,3}$ transition. Rotational diagram analysis of ${\mathrm{CH}}_3\mathrm{CN}$ reveals excitation temperatures ranging from 380 to 430 K. First-order moment maps of ${\mathrm{CH}}_3\mathrm{CN}$ and CH₃OH reveal distinct velocity gradients in all cores, suggesting rotating structures, with core A also showing evidence of expansion motions. The H29$\alpha$ recombination line shows a linewidth of $30.2\pm 0.12$ km s⁻¹, dominated by dynamical and thermal broadening, indicative of large-scale motions in ionized gas. Analysis of the ionized gas properties yields an electron density of $(4.8\pm 0.4)\times {10}^5$ cm⁻³, an emission measure of $(1.23\pm 0.06)\times {10}^9$ pc cm⁻⁶, and a Lyman continuum photon flux consistent with an O5–O6 V (Zero-Age Main Sequence; ZAMS) star. Our results suggest that G333.6-0.2 is in an intermediate evolutionary stage between hypercompact (HC) and ultracompact (UC) H ii regions, hosting active high-mass star formation with rotating hot cores and ionized gas dynamics.

We investigated the chemical composition of the planetary host halo star HD47536 via high-resolution spectral observations recorded using a 1.5 meter Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory (CTIO) telescope (Chile). Furthermore, we determined the abundances of 38 chemical elements. Both light and heavy elements were overabundant compared to the iron group elements. The abundance pattern of HD47536 was similar to that of halo-type stars, with an enrichment of heavy elements. We analyzed the relationships between the relative abundances of chemical elements and their second ionization potentials and condensation temperatures. We demonstrated that the interplay of charge-exchange reactions owing to the accretion of interstellar matter and the gas-dust separation mechanism can influence the initial abundances and can be used to qualitatively explain the abundance patterns in the atmosphere of HD47536.

Over the past decade, the most important observations of the interstellar medium have been made in the infrared and radio regions of electromagnetic radiation. Of particular interest were GLIMPSE (Galactic Legacy Infrared Midplane Survey Extraordinaire), MIPSGAL and WISE (Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer) surveys of several areas of star formation. Distinctive features of the infrared view of the Galactic disk at wavelengths from 3.4 μm to 22 μm include regions of ionized hydrogen HII, infrared bubbles, young stellar objects, massive star formation, infrared dark clouds, diffuse dust, include hydrocarbons and radiation from millions of stars. Based on current literature, infrared signatures in hot regions around young massive stars have been identified as dust bubbles, so in this paper, the regions around bubble N10, one of the northern infrared bubbles included in Churchwell's catalog, were investigated. Using archival data from the WISE and 2MASS catalogs, we searched for candidates for young stellar objects around the N10 dust bubble and found 117 emission objects. Koenig et al. (2014) plotted diagrams of their color indices and energy distribution in the spectrum for each studied object under different classification conditions. According to the results of studies around the infrared dust bubble N10, objects at an early stage of evolution were discovered: 13 objects are young class I stars and 13 objects are young class II stars, 3 objects are classified as transitional disks. За последнее десятилетие важнейшие наблюдения межзвездной среды выполнены в инфракрасном и радиодиапазонах электромагнитного излучения. Особый интерес представляли обзоры GLIMPSE (экстраординарный инфракрасный обзор срединной плоскости галактики), MIPSGAL и WISE (Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer) нескольких областей звездообразования. Отличительные особенности инфракрасного изображения галактического диска на длинах волн от 3,4 мкм до 22 мкм включают области ионизированного водорода HII, инфракрасные пузыри, молодые звездные объекты, массивное звездообразование, инфракрасные темные облака, диффузную пыль, включают углеводороды и излучение миллионов звезды. Основываясь на современной литературе, инфракрасные сигнатуры в горячих областях вокруг молодых массивных звезд были идентифицированы как пылевые пузыри, поэтому в этой статье были исследованы области вокруг пузыря N10, одного из северных инфракрасных пузырей, включенных в каталог Черчвелла. Используя архивные данные из каталогов WISE и 2MASS, мы провели поиск кандидатов в молодые звездные объекты вокруг пылевого пузыря N10 и нашли 117 эмиссионных объектов. Кениг и др. (2014) построили графики их показателей цвета и распределения энергии в спектре для каждого исследуемого объекта при разных условиях классификации. По результатам исследований вокруг инфракрасного пылевого пузыря N10 были обнаружены объекты, находящиеся на ранней стадии эволюции: 13 объектов — молодые звезды I класса и 13 объектов — молодые звезды II класса, 3 объекта относятся к категории переходных дисков. Соңғы онжылдық ішінде жұлдызаралық ортадағы ең маңызды бақылаулар электромагниттік сәулеленудің инфрақызыл және радио аймақтарында жасалды. Жұлдыздардың түзілуінің бірнеше бағыттары бойынша GLIMPSE (Galactic Legacy Infrared Midplane Survey Extraordinaire), MIPSGAL және WISE (Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer) барлаулары ерекше қызығушылық тудырды. 3,4 мкм-ден 22 мкм-ге дейінгі толқын ұзындығындағы Галактикалық дискінің инфрақызыл көрінісінің ерекше белгілеріне иондалған сутегі аймақтары HII, инфрақызыл көпіршіктер, жас жұлдыздар объектілері, жұлдыздардың жаппай түзілуі, инфрақызыл қара бұлттар, диффуздық шаң, көмірсутектер мен миллиондаған жұлдыздардың сәулеленуін жатқызуға болады. Заманауи әдебиеттерге талдау жасау арқылы жас массивті жұлдыздардың айналасындағы қыздырылған аймақтардағы инфрақызыл белгілер шаң көпіршіктер екені анықталды, сол себепті бұл жұмыста Churchwell каталогына енгізілген солтүстік инфрақызыл көпіршіктердің бірі – N10...

In recent years, the researchof bubbles,partially circular structures in the interstellar medium, consisting of dust and gas, has received the considerable attention. The analysis of the structure and evolution of bubbles provides insight into the conditions under which stars and planets form inthe interstellar medium. Dust bubbles are inextricably linked with star formation regions and are powerful tools for studying the interaction of young stellar objects with their environment at various stages of evolution.The main goal of this articleisto study the region of the N126 dust bubble, search for and identify young stellar objects. Identification of young stellar objects by their fluxes at infrared wavelengths is relatively recent, and identification criteria are still at the stage of improvement. Therefore, in this article, the criteria for identifying young stellar objects were used according to the works of Koenig X.P. (2012), Koenig X.P. & Leisawitz D.V. (2014) and Fischer W.J. (2016), which are based on analysis of WISE observational datain the near-and mid-infrared bands W1 (3.4 μm), W2 (4.6 μm), W3 (12 μm), and W4 (22 μm). The datafrom the 2MASS and AllWISE catalogswith reliable non-zero fluxes of infrared radiation sourceswere used in that work. For the researched dust bubble, young stellar objects of class 0 (protostars) and class I were not detected. 4 objects of class II, 1 object of the class of transition disks and 48 objects of class III were identified. Energy distributions in the spectra for class II objectswere constructed, which also confirmed their evolutionary status. For all identified YSOs, color diagrams were constructed showing the locations of the found objects with their corresponding areas of evolution. Maps of the distribution of YSOs in space are analyzed, which indicate possible signs of an initiated star formation process in the N126 dust bubble.

The dependencies of the chemical element abundances in stellar atmospheres with respect to solar abundances on the second ionization potentials of the same elements were investigated using the published stellar abundance patterns for 1,149 G and K giants in the Local Region of the Galaxy. The correlations between the relative abundances of chemical elements and their second ionization potentials were calculated for groups of stars with effective temperatures between 3,764 and 7,725 K. Correlations were identified for chemical elements with second ionization potentials of 12.5 eV to 20 eV and for elements with second ionization potentials higher than 20 eV. For the first group of elements, the correlation coefficients were positive for stars with effective temperatures lower than 5,300 K and negative for stars with effective temperatures from 5,300 K to 7,725 K. The results of this study and the comparison with earlier results for hotter stars confirm the variations in these correlations with the effective temperature. A possible explanation for the observed effects is the accretion of hydrogen and helium atoms from the interstellar medium.

The article is dedicated to the study of technical competencies (TC) of university students and their development through professionally oriented physics education. The aim of this research is to provide a theoretical justification and practical basis for developing content and methods aimed at enhancing the TC of university students through professionally oriented education in physics. The work is based on fundamental principles of personality and activity theory. The structure, content, levels, components, criteria, and indicators of TC are defined. A model of the future bachelor's activity is presented using the example of the «Electrical Power Engineering» specialty to determine educational goals related to professional tasks in the industry. A technology for effectively developing TC in first-year students of technical universities based on professionally oriented education has been developed, linking all components of training with the competencies necessary for professional activity. The pedagogical study involved 283 students, including 103 from the experimental group and 180 from the control group. Theoretical methods, numerical calculations, and experimental data were used to compare the research results. Pedagogical conditions for developing technical competencies in students during professionally oriented physics education have been identified. According to pedagogical research data, it has been proven that the formation of TC in university students within the framework of bachelor’s training in «Electrical Power Engineering» can be effectively implemented by orienting the educational process towards a specialist's activity model. A connection has been established between the levels of technical competency formation and the academic success of students in university.