Real-time data transmission and reliable operation are essential for a tsunami monitoring system to provide effective data. In this study, a novel real-time tsunami monitoring system is designed based on a submersible mooring system. This system is equipped with a data acquisition and tsunami wave identification algorithm, which can collect the measured data of the pressure sensor and detect a tsunami wave in real time. It adopts the combination design of underwater inductive coupling transmission and a redundant BeiDou communication device on the water surface to ensure the reliability of real-time data transmission. Compared with traditional tsunami monitoring buoys, it has the advantages of reliable communication, good concealment, high security, and convenient deployment, recovery, and maintenance. The results of laboratory and sea tests show that the system has high reliability of data transmission, stable overall operation of the system, and good application prospects in the field of real-time tsunami monitoring and early warning.

To address the technical challenges of difficult construction for traditional wind towers and the susceptibility to resonance of single-column buoys in deep-sea wind resource assessment, this paper proposes a novel distributed multi-column lidar buoy. The hydrodynamic performance of the buoy under typical South China Sea conditions was quantitatively evaluated through 1:5 scale physical model tests, including hydrostatic decay, regular wave, and irregular wave experiments. Key findings are: (1) the multi-column configuration generates 153% additional damping (empirical formula: ζ_add = 0.2 (D_g/D_c)^−1.5) via interstitial vortex shedding. This shifts the natural periods of sway/surge motion (2.46 s) significantly away from the dominant wave period in the South China Sea (6–8 s), effectively mitigating resonance risk. (2) Compared to a single-column buoy, the multi-column design reduces the roll/pitch angle by 74.4% (from 34.7° to 8.87° under IR10-1 sea state) and the heave displacement by 68.6% (from 15.6 to 4.89 cm). (3) Validation using ANSYS Aqwa numerical simulations yielded errors below 7%. This design offers a highly stable and cost-effective wind measurement platform for deep-sea wind farms.

The estuarine carbon cycle represents a highly dynamic biogeochemical process, with carbon source–sink patterns shifting dramatically under variable natural forcing and anthropogenic disturbances. Most previous investigations in the Pearl River Estuary (PRE) have depended on instantaneous observations, which cannot resolve the continuous high-frequency variability in surface water partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO₂). Based on one year (2019) of high-resolution time-series data from a moored buoy in the lower PRE, this study explored the dominant mechanisms controlling seasonal variations in pCO₂ and air–sea CO₂ fluxes. In spring and summer, substantial nutrient inputs from Pearl River runoff fueled vigorous phytoplankton growth and intense biological CO₂ uptake, lowering the monthly mean pCO₂ to an annual minimum of 270 μatm in June, with an extreme low of 76 μatm. From July to September, reduced river discharge and rising sea surface temperature (SST) drove a pronounced pCO₂ rebound, reaching an annual peak of 404 μatm in September. In winter, the sea surface temperature (SST) and the trend of pCO_2temp largely explained the overall variations in pCO₂, indicating the SST was the most controlling factor, and mixing process brought CO₂-rich subsurface water upward. The contributions of driving factors exhibited distinct seasonal differentiation: biological uptake and runoff dominated in spring, temperature and runoff–biological coupling co-dominated in summer and autumn, and temperature served as the absolute dominant factor in winter, collectively constituting a complete seasonal cycle of controlling processes. Overall, the lower PRE functioned as a year-round atmospheric CO₂ sink, with a mean flux of −2.46 ± 2.95 mmol m⁻² d⁻¹. This study elucidated the complex carbon cycling mechanism in the lower PRE, reduced uncertainty in regional carbon flux estimation, and offered a scientific foundation for estuarine carbon budget accounting.

Obtaining real-time data from the deep ocean remains a major challenge in marine observation. This study presents a deep-sea mooring system that integrates inductive telemetry (EUM6000 modules) with Tiantong satellite communication to achieve real-time, long-term hydrological monitoring in the South China Sea. The system incorporated 25 sensors, including CTDs and ADCPs, and was deployed at a depth of 1247 m. Over one year of continuous operation, it maintained a data reception rate > 90%, with a latency of <15 min from seabed to shore. Compared to acoustic-based systems, the inductive telemetry design significantly improved energy efficiency and reliability. The high-resolution multi-sensor data provide valuable insights into ocean dynamics and support applications in climate research and disaster early warning. This system offers a robust solution for real-time deep-sea observation and serves as a reference for future ocean network development.

Obtaining real-time data from the deep ocean remains a major challenge in marine observation. This study presents a deep-sea mooring system that integrates inductive telemetry (EUM6000 modules) with Tiantong satellite communication to achieve real-time, long-term hydrological monitoring in the South China Sea. The system incorporated 25 sensors, including CTDs and ADCPs, and was deployed at a depth of 1247 meters. Over one year of continuous operation, it maintained a data reception rate >90%, with a latency of < 15 minutes from seabed to shore. Compared to acoustic-based systems, the inductive telemetry design significantly improved energy efficiency and reliability. The high-resolution multi-sensor data provide valuable insights into ocean dynamics and support applications in climate research and disaster early warning. This system offers a robust solution for real-time deep-sea observation and serves as a reference for future ocean network development.