Objective: Our aim in this study was to evaluate the levels of Activating Transcription Factor‐6 (ATF‐6), Inositol‐Requiring Enzyme 1 (IRE‐1), and C/EBP‐Homologous Protein (CHOP), which are critical markers of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), a condition increasingly recognized for its complex biochemical and molecular underpinnings. Materials and Methods: A total of 89 patients aged 18–45 years who applied to our hospital between January 2024 and December 2024 were included in our study. Of these, 45 patients were diagnosed with GDM during their routine pregnancy follow‐up, while 44 were healthy pregnant women without any additional metabolic or obstetric complications. Serum samples were analyzed for ATF6, IRE‐1, and CHOP levels, which are biochemical markers associated with ER stress. The data obtained were compared between the two groups. Results: The patients with GDM were older than those in the control group (31.98 ± 5.29 vs. 27.55 ± 5.92 years, P < 0.001). The mean number of gravidas (3.96 ± 2.01 vs. 2.48 ± 1.62, P < 0.001) and parity (2.18 ± 1.45 vs. 1.14 ± 1.07, P < 0.001) were significantly higher in the GDM group than in the control group. All GDM patients showed elevated levels of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1C) (6.69 ± 1.43% or 49.24 ± 15.25 mmol/mol, n = 45), indicating chronic hyperglycemia. GDM patients had elevated levels of red blood cells (RBC), hematocrit (HCT), mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW), red cell distribution width‐coefficient of variation (RDW‐CV) and potassium. They also had decreased glucose levels. Analysis revealed that there was no significant change in CHOP and IRE‐1 levels in the GDM women compared with patients in the control group. However, the level of ATF‐6 was significantly reduced in the GDM group compared with the control group (5.30, interquartile range [IQR] 4.59–6.28 vs. 5.92, IQR 5.17–8.43; P = 0.040). Despite no significant changes in CHOP and IRE‐1 levels, the reduced ATF‐6 levels in GDM patients highlight its potential as a specific biomarker for ER stress in the context of GDM. Conclusion: This study identifies ATF‐6 as a potential biomarker for GDM, with reduced levels significantly associated with GDM and key clinical parameters. Our findings support the integration of ER stress and hematological markers into future research and clinical practice for GDM.

Many plants such as Dracaena cinnabari have been used in traditional medicine since ancient times due to their including bioactive compounds such as phenolic compounds, tocopherols, and organic acids. The aim of present study is to determine the presence and diversity of bioactive components such as phenolic, organic acids and tocopherols of Dracaena cinnabari resin extracts, and to reveal which solvents can be effective in the extraction of these components and to what extent. Methanol, ethanol, chloroform, water, and vinegar were used in extraction of Dracaena cinnabari resin. The widest diversity was obtained with vinegar for organic acids, methanol for tocopherols, and methanol solvent for phenolic compounds. Fourteen phenolic compounds, four tocopherols and ten organic acids were detected in Dracaena cinnabari resin extracts, the most abundant phenolic was apigenin, while the most tocopherol was ?-tocopherol. Dracaena cinnabari resin extracts appear to be rich in apigenin, kaempferol, luteolin and rutin flavonoids.

Background: Abdominal aortic aneurysms and peripheral artery disease pose significant health risks, ranking third after heart attacks and cerebral strokes. Surgical interventions often involve temporary aortic clamping, leading to ischemia–reperfusion injury and tissue damage. Colchicine and mesenchymal stem cells have shown promise, individually, in mitigating ischemia–reperfusion injury, but their combined effects remain understudied. Methods: This study utilized 42 male Wistar rats, divided into six groups: Control, Sham, Ischemia–Reperfusion, Colchicine, Mesenchymal stem cell, and Mix (colchicine and mesenchymal stem cell). The ischemia–reperfusion model involved clamping the abdominal aorta for 60 min, followed by 120 min of reperfusion. Colchicine and mesenchymal stem cell treatments were administered as pre- and post-ischemia interventions, respectively. Mesenchymal stem cells were cultured, characterized by flow cytometry, and verified for specific surface antigens. Blood and tissue samples were analyzed for oxidative stress markers, nitric oxide metabolites, and apoptosis using TUNEL. Results: There were significant differences between the groups in terms of the serum total antioxidant capacity (p < 0.001) and inflammation markers (ischemia-modified albumin, p = 0.020). The combined therapy group (Mix) exhibited the lowest inflammation levels. Arginine levels also showed significant variation (p = 0.028), confirming the ischemia–reperfusion injury model. In muscle tissues, the total antioxidant capacity (p = 0.022), symmetric dimethylarginine, and citrulline levels (p < 0.05) indicated nitric oxide metabolism. Apoptosis was notably high in the ischemia–reperfusion injury group as anticipated. It appeared to be reduced by colchicine, mesenchymal stem cells, and their combination, with the most significant decrease observed in the Mix group (p < 0.001). Conclusions: This study highlights the potential of using combined colchicine and mesenchymal stem cell therapy to reduce muscle damage caused by ischemia–reperfusion injury. Further research is needed to understand the underlying mechanisms and confirm the clinical significance of this approach in treating extremity ischemia–reperfusion injuries.

Objective: Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide and ranks as the second most prevalent cancer in men after prostate cancer and in women after breast cancer. Although Dracaena cinnabari Balf. Resin is recognized for its antiviral, antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties, as well as its vitro cytotoxicity against lung cancer cells. Still, its specificity for malignant cells and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain insufficiently characterized. The present study evaluates the cytotoxic effects of the methanol extract derived from Dracaena cinnabari resin on human lung cancer cell lines. It examines its selectivity in comparison to non-cancerous cells.Materials and Methods: Cell proliferation was assessed using the MTT assay, and apoptosis was quantified with the Annexin V assay on a Muse flow cytometer. HEK-293 cells were used as the non-cancerous control, whereas A549 lung cancer cells were used to evaluate the extract's selectivity for cancer cells. The methanol extract of Dracaena cinnabari resin was applied to both cell lines at concentrations of 50, 75, 100, 125, and 150 µg/mL. The MTT assay was used to determine cell viability at 24 and 48 hours of incubation.Results: Following a 24-hour incubation, the IC₅₀ value was determined to be 90.96 µg/mL for A549 cells and 72.10 µg/mL for HEK-293 cells. The lower IC₅₀ value observed in HEK-293 cells compared to A549 cells suggests that the extract lacks specificity for cancer cells and may exert general cytotoxic effects. Annexin V analysis demonstrated a significant increase in late apoptosis in both cell lines after treatment with the extract at the IC₅₀ concentration.Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrate that the methanol extract of Dracaena cinnabari resin currently exhibits limited selectivity toward cancer cells and is therefore not suitable as a complementary therapeutic agent. Future research should prioritize comprehensive mechanistic studies that investigate specific molecular targets, including apoptosis pathways, reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated mechanisms, and caspase activation.