Aloe vera is one of the most significant therapeutical plant species that belongs to the family Liliaceae. Aloe vera is composed of a high amount of water, with the remainder being dry matter. The dry matter contains a lot of bioactive compounds like carbohydrates, fats, and enzymes, with various therapeutic and antimicrobial properties. It can enhance the proliferation of cells and prevent cell damage by anti-oxidative properties (stimulating the secretion of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase). Human skin is colonized by microbes like fungi (Candida albicans), bacteria (Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus aureus), and mites. These commensals are responsible for skin characteristics such as acidic pH, the pungent smell of sweat, etc. Human fetuses lack skin microbiota, and their skin is colonized after birth. Commensals present on the skin have a crucial role in training the human immune system against other pathogenic microbes. Propionibacterium acnes act as an opportunistic pathogen when the balance between the commensals is disturbed. We also emphasize the recent progress in identifying the aloe metabolite biosynthesis pathways and the associated enzyme machinery. The hyperproliferation of Propionibacterium acnes causes acne, and acemannan plays a significant role in its cure. Hence, we need to consider a new treatment approach based on the root cause of this dysbiosis.

Nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems have been utilized for cancer treatment due to their ability to transport loaded payloads to the target site in a regulated manner. In contrast to traditional pharmaceuticals, nanoparticle-based drug delivery offers distinct advantages, including greater stability and biocompatibility, improved permeability, retention, and precise targeting capabilities and also overcome cancer-related drug resistance. Cancer drug resistance mechanisms encompass the overexpression of drug efflux transporters, impaired apoptotic pathways, and hypoxic conditions. Multifunctional nanoparticle targets these processes and enhances the reversal of multidrug resistance. Stimuli-responsive nanostructures that react to both endogenous and external stimuli have been utilized for the delivery of natural chemicals in cancer therapy. The multi-responsive behavior of polymeric nanocarriers under endogenous (pH, ionic strength, solvent dissolution, and electrochemical response) and exogenous (fluctuations within the effect of magnetic field or temperature) condition is a crucial aspect of developing ‘smart’ drug delivery systems (DDS), which manage effective dose loading, sustained release and permeability in a very sophisticated manner. This review seeks to emphasize the adaptability of carriers based on smart drug delivery methods. Nanocarriers utilizing nanoparticles as siRNA DDS offer numerous advantages, including enhanced physicochemical properties, a high surface-to-volume ratio, versatility in siRNA encapsulation, dual functionality to shield against extracellular barriers that facilitate elimination and to surmount intracellular barriers hindering cytosolic delivery, as well as potential chemical modifications on the nanoparticle surface to augment stability and targeting. RNA interference (RNAi) inhibits gene expression and is being investigated as a potential therapeutic vehicle for the effective delivery of vulnerable small interfering RNA (siRNA) for the treatment of multiple diseases, including cancer is the spotlight of the article. Altogether, the whole article illustrates that multifaceted biodegradable nanoparticles possess the characteristic which presents them as extremely appropriate toward targeted delivery of therapeutics.

Acne vulgaris, commonly known as acne, is a skin disease caused by the blockage of hair follicles, high keratin and sebum production in...

Today, researchers have already made great progress in finding drug-based clinical solutions against microbial infections. It has become an essential part of a healthy human lifestyle. High antibiotic consumption has accelerated antibiotic resistance in microbial species (multi-drug-resistant microbial strains, like Staphylococcus aureus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, have already been reported). Loss of microflora is also associated with the heavy and unnecessary use of drugs. This review presents bacteriophage as an alternative to antibiotics. The supporting bacteriophage characteristics include bacteriophage lytic mode of replication, specificity towards its host, bacteriophage mass production, and bacteriophage genetic modification (BRED and CRISPR) to make it capable of degrading microbial biofilm. The author has also tried to inculcate previous work that has already been done with bacteriophages for some clinical therapies. Potential administration routes (oral, intravenous, and intraoperative) used in clinical therapies are discussed.