Endometriosis (EM) is a common estrogen-dependent chronic inflammatory disorder affecting reproductive-aged women, yet its pathogenesis remains incompletely understood. Recent evidence suggests that the gut microbiota significantly influence immune responses, estrogen metabolism, and systemic inflammation, potentially contributing to EM progression. This narrative review explores the relationship between the gut microbiota and EM, emphasizing microbial dysbiosis, inflammation, estrogen regulation, and potential microbiome-targeted therapies. Studies published within the last 30 years were included, focusing on the microbiota composition, immune modulation, estrogen metabolism, and therapeutic interventions in EM. The selection criteria prioritized peer-reviewed articles, clinical trials, meta-analyses, and narrative reviews investigating the gut microbiota’s role in EM pathophysiology and treatment. Microbial dysbiosis in EM is characterized by a reduced abundance of beneficial bacteria (Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Ruminococcaceae) and an increased prevalence of pro-inflammatory taxa (Escherichia/Shigella, Streptococcus, and Bacteroides). The gut microbiota modulate estrogen metabolism via the estrobolome, contributing to increased systemic estrogen levels and lesion proliferation. Additionally, lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from Gram-negative bacteria activate the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway, exacerbating inflammation and EM symptoms. The interaction between the gut microbiota, immune dysregulation, and estrogen metabolism suggests a critical role in EM pathogenesis. While microbiota-targeted interventions offer potential therapeutic benefits, further large-scale, multi-center studies are needed to validate microbial biomarkers and optimize microbiome-based therapies for EM. Integrating microbiome research with precision medicine may enhance the diagnostic accuracy and improve the EM treatment efficacy.

The use of plants for medical purposes has been known since ancient times, and despite progress in the synthesis of medicinal products, herbal remedies continue to occupy a significant place in modern medicine. As promising sources of biologically active substances of natural origin, attention is attracted by representatives of the domestic flora from the family Fabaceae. The article gives an analysis of the current state of the study of the genus of Oxytropis and shows the prospects for their comprehensive study. Work in the herbarium fund of the Institute with a collection of species of Oxytropis glabra Lam. DC. allowed to identify the presence of at least 10 herbarium sheets. While analyzing the internet sources, we collected materials on the genus and species of Oxytropis which have been investigated for many years. When analyzing internet resources, it was established that the widely used traditional Tibetan, Chinese, Mongolian, and Buryat medicine should include representatives of the genus Oxytropis (DC.) of the family Fabaceae (L.).We have studied the species of the Oxytropis and compiled a table on their chemical composition and pharmacological action.

Mentha asiatica Boriss., a species native to Central Asia, has garnered significant attention for its diverse phytochemical profile and antimicrobial potential. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the antimicrobial activities of M. asiatica, focusing on its essential oils and other bioactive constituents. The study contextualizes the importance of natural antimicrobials in the era of rising antibiotic resistance and highlights the plant’s traditional use in ethnomedicine. The main methodologies explored include gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) for phytochemical characterization and various in vitro assays to assess antimicrobial efficacy against bacterial and fungal pathogens. The essential oils of M. asiatica demonstrate a broad spectrum of activity, attributed to compounds such as menthol, menthone, and carvone. Other phytochemicals, including sesquiterpenes and terpenoids, also contribute to its bioactivity. The review underscores the potential of M. asiatica as a source of novel antimicrobial agents and calls for further research into its mechanisms of action, bioavailability, and safety profiles. The findings position M. asiatica as a promising candidate for developing plant-based antimicrobial formulations, addressing critical needs in healthcare and food preservation.