Athropogenic changes have caused profound repercussions, which have led to a progressive degradation of natural resources. In the case of the Ecuadorian Amazon, the high rate of deforestation, changes in land use and extensive livestock management have led to low production rates with an eminent threat to the thermal comfort of ruminants. The present study aimed to contrasts how the use of SPs represents a viable option for the reconversion of extensive livestock farming. The current study compared the use of silvopastoral systems (SPs) versus a conventional pastoral system, as an alternative for the recovery of degraded areas. Therefore, under a completely randomized block design, Brachiaria decumbens was evaluated with three of treatments, such as Control = conventional pastoral, SPs1 = density 100 trees/ha^-1 and SPs2 = 150 trees/ha^-1. All environmental variables and bioclimatic indicators (temperature and radiant heat load: RHL) were shown to be mitigated under SPs (P < 0.001), which translates into better thermal comfort for ruminants (RHL; 638 vs. 1749 ± 40; P < 0.001). Although, the treatments affected all the agronomic variables of Brachiaria decumbens (P < 0.001 to 0.004), the month conditioned most of the chemical determinations (P < 0.001). This means that the use of SPs in the medium or long term could contribute to the recovery of pastures in degradation processes. Consequently, SPs as a clean production alternative would help improve aspects such as soil quality, agronomic yields, as well as greater nutritional quality of pastures. In any case, long-term studies should be performed to contrast our responses.

Connected Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs) are expected to reshape transportation systems, yet their role in enhancing network robustness remains underexplored. This research intends to fill this gap by conducting a systematic review based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses protocol (PRISMA) to analyze 21 peer-reviewed publications identified from Scopus, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect. Articles were classified into five thematic areas: (1) system robustness, (2) infrastructure adaptation, (3) traffic flow and behavior, (4) security and communication, and (5) environmental impact. The results show that CAVs have the potential to improve robustness in transportation networks, thus helping the efficiency of transportation networks, reducing cyber vulnerability, and mitigating environmental impact. However, despite several advantages, CAVs also present challenges, including new infrastructure or updates to cybersecurity standards. This review contributes to the literature by consolidating current approaches, highlighting knowledge gaps, and offering methodological insights to guide research and policy development toward resilient, sustainable, and connected mobility systems.

El objetivo de este artículo es determinar un modelo matemático de transporte usando programación lineal. Para resolver este problema, según la metodología del algoritmo de transporte, se construye una tabla o matriz de distribución colocando en cada renglón a los centros de suministro y en cada columna a los centros de consumo, para llevar a cabo esta distribución se recolecta información de la demanda, se definió la flota de vehículos, el tiempo de recorrido, las tarifas y los costos de realizar cada viaje, para luego planear nuestro modelo de programación lineal con la utilización del software Microsoft Excel, con esta información se realiza el estudio de los diferentes métodos de transporte eficiente aplicables a las operaciones de la compañía, con sus principales características, ventajas y desventajas, teniendo en cuenta la problemática de la planeación y programación asociados, con los resultados obtenidos por los cinco métodos estudiados, se puede concluir que el modelo matemático de transporte óptimo para la empresa comercializadora de combustibles, basado en programación lineal, es el que presenta la red generada por el método del costo menor, Vogel y Russel, que proponen la misma estructura de despachos y abastecimientos, y generan un costo mínimo de $206354,00 dólares.

The introduction of autonomous vehicles (AVs) has the potential to drastically change society, planning, design, and development strategies. This study uses the PRISMA protocol to carry out a systematic literature review, focusing on the backcasting method as an analytic tool. By examining. 21 studies published between 2003 and 2024, this paper highlights the phases of backcasting: visioning, policy packaging, and appraisal, and identifies critical factors necessary for the successful integration of AVs. Visioning for future driverless cities includes high-quality urban areas, active mobility, and innovative developments. Policies and Packaging suggested a focus on restricting vehicular access, transit-oriented development, and encouraging public transportation. Appraisal reveals skepticism about the positive impacts of AVs, urging policies that limit access to urban areas and promote sustainable modes of transportation. The main contribution of this study lies in its comprehensive application of backcasting to AV implementation, offering a structured approach to envisioning future urban scenarios, formulating supportive policies, and evaluating their impact. This analysis provides a solid foundation for future research, urging us to explore the intersection between AVs, citizen participation, and environmental sustainability to achieve more efficient and sustainable cities.

Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo evaluar la calidad del servicio de transporte urbano en bus de la ciudad de Ambato, medida desde la perspectiva del cliente. Este estudio se fundamentó en un enfoque cualitativo, con un proceso deductivo y analizó la realidad objetiva, el alcance fue descriptivo y correlacional, se trabajó con una muestra de 384 usuarios del servicio de transporte, se combinaron los métodos analítico y sintético. Los resultados alcanzados, han permitido visualizar el nivel de satisfacción de los usuarios del servicio de transporte urbano de Ambato, considerando variables como: Servicio ofertado, Accesibilidad, Información, Tiempo, Atención al cliente, Confort, Seguridad e Impacto ambiental, concluyendo que en las ocho variables estudiadas el nivel de satisfacción esta, por debajo de 4 sobre 10; lo que implica que los usuarios están insatisfechos con el servicio de transporte urbano en bus en la ciudad de Ambato, por lo tanto le corresponde al GAD de Ambato, apoderarse de la situación, y se emprenda en procesos de solución inmediatos, reprogramando rutas, y brindando mayor cobertura, así como también con el estudio de la flota vehicular, adecuación de vías y señales de tránsito y por otro lado exigiendo a las operadoras de transporte urbano en bus la corrección de sus procesos para enmendar las falencias detectadas en el servicio que prestan.

An administrative approach is designed to solve the congestion of urban rotating public parking in Ecuadorian cities, mediating a case study that demonstrates its feasibility of implementation from the administrative, organizational, and financial aspects. The absence of designs, projects and proposals related to the problem of vehicular growth and congestion in Ecuadorian cities, together with the obsolescence of current ordinances at the national level, implies a critical problem. The current situation of the case study is described and detailed, proposing to incorporate computer tools associated with the geographic information system, as well as the adoption of information and communication technologies. The new approach to guidelines for a new ordinance and application that improves the interaction between users and workers is added. The research, of a non-experimental nature, declares exploratory, explanatory, documentary, case study and projective types. It is declared as a feasible project and scientific methods of analysis of information sources, experts, and deductive, inductive, empirical, mathematical statistics are appealed to. It is concluded that the proposal enjoys the relevance and feasibility to be applied in Ecuadorian cities that use the urban public parking system.