Background/Objectives: The potential influence of lycopene on mental health was indicated in some studies, but it was not summarized within any systematic review so far. The aim of the presented study was to analyze the influence of lycopene on mental health within a systematic review of Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs). Methods: The study was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, and it was based on PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Google Scholar databases, while the RCTs published until February 2025 were included. The systematic review was registered within the database of the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) (CRD420250650525). The studies were considered where the adult population was studied; intervention was based on oral lycopene intake in any form (lycopene supplement, lycopene-enriched functional food, or regular food product being an important source of lycopene); lycopene intake of a specified dose was applied; any mental health result was studied using a valid psychological measure. After duplicate removal, 642 studies were screened, and finally, six RCTs were included and assessed using the revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials, while various mental health outcomes were allowed (excluding subjects with intellectual disabilities, eating disorders, and neurological disorders). Each stage of screening, inclusion, reporting, and assessment was conducted independently by two researchers. Results: The included studies were conducted in populations of healthy individuals (one study), but mainly in individuals with various diseases: Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) (two studies), Burning Mouth Syndrome (BMS) (one study), xerostomia (one study), and infertility (one study). Within the included studies, various lycopene sources were applied, including lycopene supplements, functional foods, and regular food products, as well as various lycopene doses from 1.35 mg to 27.8 mg per day. The included studies assessed quality of life (five studies), depression and anxiety (two studies), stress (two studies), and mood states (one study). In spite of the fact that all six included studies were RCTs, the comparison between the intervention group and placebo group was made in only four studies, and none of them stated the difference between the compared groups. A low risk of bias was concluded for three studies (all of them not confirming the influence of lycopene on mental health), and a high risk of bias was found in three studies (one of them not confirming, and two not conclusive). Conclusions: The evidence gathered within the systematic review of RCTs did not confirm any influence of lycopene on mental health. Further RCTs are needed to verify the influence of lycopene provided within supplements, functional foods, and regular food products on various mental health problems in diverse populations.

Background: The main objective of the work was the analysis and description of data on body composition and resting energy expenditure (REE) values of selected groups of patients with obesity whose REE measurement results using indirect calorimetry reached a level below 95% of the predicted REE calculated using the Harris–Benedict (H–B) equation. The sub-goals were to describe the dependence of body composition on the size of the REE and to find out if the deviations between the number of the total measured REE and the REE calculated using H–B in the adapted group (patients with altered REE values, lower than expected caused by long caloric restriction) are significant. Methods: For the research, 71 (39 women and 32 men) patients treated in obesitology were selected. Patients underwent the measurement of resting metabolism using indirect calorimetry (IC) and body composition measurement on the bioimpedance device and, at the same time, the value of resting metabolism was calculated for everyone using the H–B equation. The whole group was divided into five groups according to the deviation of the measurement using IC and the calculation of the H–B equation. Results: In the total set of examined individuals, there were 32.4% with a reduced REE value compared to the REE calculation according to the H–B equation, which corresponds to 23 individuals. In the adapted group, the average measured REE was 2242 ± 616 kcal compared to the H–B calculation of 2638 ± 713 kcal. Statistically, these results were not significant, but a high case-to-case variation was found. The highest deviation from the H–B predictive calculation was −42% and +43% in the whole research group. The amount of muscle tissue in the adapted group averaged 44.3 ± 11.9 kg and the amount of fat-free mass (FFM) 77.9 ± 20.1 kg. When statistically testing the dependence of REE on FFM and muscle tissue in the adapted group, a strong correlation was found. Conclusions: The H–B equation alone is not suitable for setting a suitable diet therapy for an individual with obesity. In order to select and characterize a group of adapted individuals, it will be necessary to use other methods or a larger research sample, and preferably examine and divide patients with specific comorbidities or include their health status.

Background/Objectives: University students frequently exhibit suboptimal dietary habits, and even those enrolled in nutrition-related programmes may fail to meet recommended intakes of several key nutrients. This study aimed to assess changes in dietary intake and body composition over a single academic semester among university nutrition students. Methods: A prospective pre–post study was conducted with 102 students at the Czech University of Life Sciences Prague. Dietary intake was assessed using a 3-day food record and evaluated for energy, macronutrients, and specific micronutrients. Body composition was measured by a multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis. Changes between baseline and follow-up were analysed using paired statistical tests with the false discovery rate correction. Predictors of follow-up body fat percentage were examined using an analysis of covariance. Results: At baseline, mean daily energy intake was 2114 ± 632 kcal. A particularly low intake was observed for dietary fibre (15.45 ± 8.46 g/day), potassium (2013 ± 954 mg/day), iodine (63.5 ± 69.8 µg/day), and vitamin D (2.31 ± 3.01 µg/day), whereas protein intake was relatively high. During follow-up, significant increases were observed in the intake of carbohydrates (+54.2 g/day), dietary fibre (+9.3 g/day), potassium (+766 mg/day), vitamin C (+69.2 mg/day), and magnesium (+86.2 mg/day), together with lower sodium and saturated fat intake (all adjusted p < 0.001). No significant short-term changes were found in body weight, body fat percentage, or skeletal muscle mass. Follow-up body fat percentage was primarily associated with baseline adiposity. Conclusions: One semester of nutrition-related education was associated with improved dietary intake, particularly for fibre and selected micronutrients, but not with measurable short-term changes in body composition. These findings suggest that nutrition education may support healthier dietary behaviour and may contribute to preventive healthcare strategies in young adults.

Background/Objectives: Rhythmic gymnastics combines high training demands with aesthetic pressure. This pilot study assessed dietary intake, body composition, and nutrition-related behaviours in Czech competitive rhythmic gymnasts. Methods: Fourteen female athletes (juniors aged 13–15 years, n = 6; seniors aged 16–20 years, n = 8) completed a three-day weighed food record at the baseline and underwent multifrequency bioelectrical impedance assessment at the baseline and approximately three months later, following individualised nutrition advice. A separate online questionnaire was completed by 50 gymnasts. Results: Reported energy intake averaged 63.7% and 67.1% of the estimated requirements among juniors and seniors, respectively. Carbohydrate, fibre, vitamin D, calcium, magnesium, and potassium intakes were low relative to prespecified study benchmarks. No statistically significant within-group changes in body composition were observed. An exploratory between-group difference in changes in the extracellular-to-total body water ratio was found (unadjusted p = 0.015), requiring cautious interpretation. Among the questionnaire respondents, 68% reported weight-related pressure, 60% intentional food restriction, and 56% had never heard of relative energy deficiency in sport (RED-S). Conclusions: Low reported intakes and weight-related concerns suggest potential need for qualified nutritional support. Intakes below the prespecified benchmarks do not establish individual nutritional inadequacy. The small uncontrolled cohort and absence of follow-up dietary records preclude conclusions about the effectiveness of nutritional counselling, while the short dietary assessment and age-independent benchmarks limit individual dietary interpretation and do not permit the diagnosis of clinical nutrient deficiencies, low energy availability, or RED-S.