Background/Objectives: University students frequently exhibit suboptimal dietary habits, and even those enrolled in nutrition-related programmes may fail to meet recommended intakes of several key nutrients. This study aimed to assess changes in dietary intake and body composition over a single academic semester among university nutrition students. Methods: A prospective pre–post study was conducted with 102 students at the Czech University of Life Sciences Prague. Dietary intake was assessed using a 3-day food record and evaluated for energy, macronutrients, and specific micronutrients. Body composition was measured by a multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis. Changes between baseline and follow-up were analysed using paired statistical tests with the false discovery rate correction. Predictors of follow-up body fat percentage were examined using an analysis of covariance. Results: At baseline, mean daily energy intake was 2114 ± 632 kcal. A particularly low intake was observed for dietary fibre (15.45 ± 8.46 g/day), potassium (2013 ± 954 mg/day), iodine (63.5 ± 69.8 µg/day), and vitamin D (2.31 ± 3.01 µg/day), whereas protein intake was relatively high. During follow-up, significant increases were observed in the intake of carbohydrates (+54.2 g/day), dietary fibre (+9.3 g/day), potassium (+766 mg/day), vitamin C (+69.2 mg/day), and magnesium (+86.2 mg/day), together with lower sodium and saturated fat intake (all adjusted p < 0.001). No significant short-term changes were found in body weight, body fat percentage, or skeletal muscle mass. Follow-up body fat percentage was primarily associated with baseline adiposity. Conclusions: One semester of nutrition-related education was associated with improved dietary intake, particularly for fibre and selected micronutrients, but not with measurable short-term changes in body composition. These findings suggest that nutrition education may support healthier dietary behaviour and may contribute to preventive healthcare strategies in young adults.

Background: The increasing consumption of caloric sweeteners has been associated with the development of non-communicable diseases, including obesity and type 2 diabetes. Artificial sweeteners may represent a suitable alternative. However, their acceptance among consumers remains limited. Objective: This study aimed to assess attitudes toward artificial sweetener consumption among the population of the Czech Republic. Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey entitled “Attitudes of Respondents Toward the Consumption of Artificial Sweeteners” was conducted among 147 participants from the general population. The collected data were statistically analyzed to evaluate respondents' perceptions of artificial sweeteners compared with caloric sweeteners. Results: Only 12% of respondents considered artificial sweeteners (e.g., aspartame, acesulfame K, sucralose) to be healthier than caloric sweeteners, indicating a persistent preference for high-energy sweeteners such as sucrose, high-fructose corn syrup, and glucose syrup. The majority of respondents preferred sugar-sweetened beverages and reported limited awareness of the types of sweeteners used in foods and beverages. Conclusion: These findings suggest that misconceptions and negative perceptions of artificial sweeteners remain prevalent among consumers. Increasing public awareness through targeted educational strategies may help improve understanding of the safety and potential benefits of artificial sweeteners and support efforts to reduce the intake of caloric sweeteners.