We examined the infective capacity of the mermithid nematodes, Romanomermis iyengari, Romanomermis culicivorax, Romanomermis wuchangensis, and Strelkovimermis spiculatus in fourth-instar mosquito larvae nearing pupation of Aedes aegypti, Aedes sierrensis, and Culex pipiens to determine their prevalence in the adults of these mosquitoes. We exposed 100 fourth-instar larvae to pre-parasitic nematodes (juvenile 2 stages) at a ratio of 10:1 (10 nematodes per mosquito larvae). Two days after the nematode applications, a sample of 20 pupae was taken and placed into transparent plastic cups with distilled water to observe the development and growth of pupae until they reached the adult phase with nematodes inside. The four species of nematodes showed the highest prevalence of infection on the Cx. pipiens mosquito, exceeding 55% parasitism, while R. wuchangensis and R. iyengari surpassed this value on Ae. sierrensis by 61.11% and 57.89%. Aedes aegypti was the least susceptible to nematodes, with parasitism values between 30% and 40%. In laboratory settings, we obtained high rates (26.32–77.78%) of parasitized adults when the three-mosquito species in fourth-instar larvae nearing pupation were exposed to infective nematodes. R. wuchangensis (1.86) and S. spiculatus (1.80) were infected Cx. pipiens with greater intensity and R. iyengari (1.33) and R. culicivorax (1.09) with less intensity. This evaluation offers valuable insights into the variability of nematode prevalence of infection and infectivity in fourth-instar larvae, which host mermithids capable of progressing through the pupal stage to adulthood.

This study, conducted in Cajón de Piedra, Santo Domingo Tehuantepec, analyzes women’s participation in Sembrando Vida (PSV), Mexico’s flagship reforestation and rural development program, through the lenses of community engagement and feminist care economy frameworks. The research employed convenience sampling and participatory workshops with 27 participants (20 men and seven women). Using innovative mixed methods, the study maps gendered labor divisions and PSV’s impact on women’s daily lives. The results reveal that while PSV enhances women’s productive labor visibility, it simultaneously exacerbates time poverty due to unpaid care work burdens and infrastructural deficits. The program’s contribution to community resilience is tempered by its reinforcement of traditional gender roles. These findings underscore the urgent need for intersectional policy design in rural development initiatives, highlighting the importance of this research in shaping future policies.

Nosodes are solutions prepared from pests, capable of controlling those same pests in crops. The use of these solutions in agriculture is an emerging technology for producing eco-friendly and inexpensive plant-based foods free from toxic compounds. The effects of applying nosodes to bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) crops before and after harvest were evaluated. The experiment was conducted in the field, with nosode 200CH applied once, three times, biweekly, and weekly from the flowering stage of the “Delgado” bean plant. The application of nosodes resulted in a 108% higher yield, 26% greater biomass, a 32% increase in root length, 34% more pods, and up to a 227% decrease in damaged pods compared to untreated plants. Furthermore, compared to the untreated plants, treated plants exhibited a 37% higher membrane stability and a phenolic content that was up to 27% higher in seeds and 22% higher in leaves. Plants under conventional management showed 61% less Diabrotica balteata (LeConte) incidence than nosode-treated ones. Seeds treated with nosodes exhibited a mortality in Zabrotes subfasciatus (Boh.) of up to 80%. This study highlights the use of nosodes in bean cultivation as an agronomic strategy to enhance seed production and quality, aiding producers in informed decision making about their application.

The present study aims to identify reciprocity actions in favor of food security and their impact on local development, under the approach of the good living of the women of the (PSV] in the Isthmus of Tehuantepec. In the first part, a theoretical review of the concepts of food sovereignty, social return, and good living was conducted. The methodology is descriptive, with a non-experimental qualitative and quantitative design, based on semi-structured interviews. The subjects of analysis were the women beneficiaries of the Sembrando Vida Program. The results show that the program incorporates reciprocity actions and diversification of livelihoods through the CACS, with the aim of generating collective learning, despite limitations such as the lack of access to land for women and gender gaps. In conclusion, women, in addition to producing food, share land, labor, and knowledge, improving cohesion, community, reciprocity, and exchange.

The New World screwworm fly, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel, 1858) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), is an obligate parasite of warm-blooded vertebrates and one of the most clinically important agents of myiasis, feeding on healthy living tissue and representing a major concern for both human and veterinary health. We report the first clinical case of human myiasis caused by C. hominivorax in San Andres Paxtlan, Oaxaca, Mexico. A 79-year-old man presented with a foul-smelling lesion on his left foot with a two-month history of progression. Physical examination revealed a necrotic ulcer with slough, purulent discharge, exposure of deep structures (tendons, muscle, and bone), and active myiasis. Twelve third-instar larvae were collected and identified based on morphology. Management included surgical irrigation, debridement, larval extraction, and negative-pressure wound therapy (NPWT). Treatment was complemented with broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy (clindamycin and levofloxacin) and fluid support. After five days of hospitalization, the patient showed hemodynamic and metabolic stability, resolution of the infection, and was discharged due to clinical improvement. Myiasis associated with neglected chronic wounds in vulnerable patients remains a significant clinical challenge and highlights the importance of early diagnosis and multidisciplinary management.

La generación de residuos orgánicos representa un desafío ambiental y logístico, ya que estos constituyen más de la mitad los residuos generados a nivel mundial; su inadecuado manejo es un serio problema ambiental, económico y social, debido a que, con las formas de manejo, pueden provocar la contaminación del aire, agua y suelo, e incluso implican riesgos sanitarios. Ante esta situación, el compostaje surge como una alternativa sostenible para revalorizar los desechos orgánicos, transformarlos y destinarlos para la agricultura. Este capítulo presenta primero la definición y clasificación de los residuos, retomando tanto la legislación mexicana como la europea, y se destacan sus diferencias, pero también su complementariedad, para optimizar su gestión. Posteriormente, se analizan los modelos de manejo en países desarrollados, contrastándolos con el caso de México, donde la disposición inadecuada en tiraderos a cielo abierto sigue siendo un problema. Se describen los residuos agrícolas, sus características y composición, resaltando su importancia como fuente de materia orgánica y nutrientes. Se desarrolla el proceso de compostaje, sus fundamentos biológicos, sus etapas, así como los factores que condicionan el éxito del compostaje. También se explica el papel fundamental de los microorganismos en cada etapa del proceso. Finalmente, se abordan los criterios para evaluar la calidad de la composta, incluyendo parámetros físicos, químicos y biológicos, así como estándares de calidad para garantizar su uso seguro y eficaz en la agricultura.