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Seedlings of Chrysalidocarpus lutescens, Dracaena deremensis and Dracaena marginata were grown in plastic containers filled with sphagnum peat-moss to assess the effects of three different water systems on plant growth, water saving and nutrient removal during the experimental period. The experiment lasted for 8 weeks and consisted of three water systems. These consisted of an open draining system fertigated with a standard nutrient solution (system T0) and two closed systems: sequential reuse of the leachate (system T1) and sequential reuse of the leachate with the addition of H2O2 (system T2). Over the course of the experiment, samples of water and supplies generated in each water treatment were collected weekly, and from these data water volume and nutrient loads were calculated. The addition of H2O2 to the leachate resulted in an enhancement in plant dry weight in Dracaena deremensis and Dracaena marginata. Regarding anion loads (Cl−, NO3−, H2PO4−, SO42−) in these water systems, there was a removal rate of 42%, 28%, 27% and 28%, respectively, in the closed systems compared to the open system. For the cation loads (Na+, K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+) in these water systems, there was a removal rate from 28% to 29%, respectively, in the closed systems compared to the open system.
Pedro García-Caparrós; Alfonso Llanderal; Cristina Velasquez; María Lao. Water and Nutrient Balance in an Ornamental Cascade Cropping System. Agronomy 2021, 11, 1251 .
AMA StylePedro García-Caparrós, Alfonso Llanderal, Cristina Velasquez, María Lao. Water and Nutrient Balance in an Ornamental Cascade Cropping System. Agronomy. 2021; 11 (6):1251.
Chicago/Turabian StylePedro García-Caparrós; Alfonso Llanderal; Cristina Velasquez; María Lao. 2021. "Water and Nutrient Balance in an Ornamental Cascade Cropping System." Agronomy 11, no. 6: 1251.
Information about the nutrients distribution in sand-mulched soils is rather scarce; therefore, the aim of this experiment was to determine the spatial distribution and mobility of macronutrients in the wet bulb zone in two sand-mulched soils (a technique where manure and sand are layered over existing soil) for fertigated green bean with a drip irrigation distribution system under greenhouse conditions. The experimental design was multifactorial (4): soil type (S1 (1.0% organic matter (OM)) and S2 (2.5% OM)), time of sampling (before planting and after crop harvest) and spatial distribution: distance (0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 m) from the emitter and soil depth (0.1–0.2, 0.2–0.3 and 0.3–0.4 m) with three blocks and one replication per block. The chemical parameters (pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and macronutrients concentration) were analyzed in each soil sample. The testing crop was green bean (Phaseolous vulgaris L. c.v. Mantra RZ), lasting 90 days. The results obtained showed the highest value of EC and NO3 −-N, K, and Ca concentration in the sand layer in both soils. At all soil profile depths, nutrient concentrations of NH4 +-N and soil EC were lower in the high OM soil. Comparing the soil profile at the beginning and at the end of the experiment, there was a significant decrease in NO3 −-N, P and Ca concentration and a significant increase in EC value and Mg concentration at the end of the crop. In distance, EC and K showed the highest concentration at 0.30 m. In depth, there was a decline in EC value and NH4 +-N, P, K, Ca and Mg concentration. The comparison between the sand layer and the soil profile in both soils reported a similar trend in pH, EC, NO3 −-N, P and Mg concentration. Considering the mobility of macronutrients in a sandy mulched soil, it would be recommendable to develop a sustainable and dynamic fertigation management, adjusting nutrient inputs over time.
Alfonso Llanderal; Pedro Garcia-Caparros; Juana Contreras; María Lao; María Segura. Spatial Distribution and Mobility of Nutrients on Sand Mulching Soil for Fertigated Green Bean Crops under Greenhouse Conditions in Southern Spain: (I) Macronutrients. Agronomy 2021, 11, 842 .
AMA StyleAlfonso Llanderal, Pedro Garcia-Caparros, Juana Contreras, María Lao, María Segura. Spatial Distribution and Mobility of Nutrients on Sand Mulching Soil for Fertigated Green Bean Crops under Greenhouse Conditions in Southern Spain: (I) Macronutrients. Agronomy. 2021; 11 (5):842.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlfonso Llanderal; Pedro Garcia-Caparros; Juana Contreras; María Lao; María Segura. 2021. "Spatial Distribution and Mobility of Nutrients on Sand Mulching Soil for Fertigated Green Bean Crops under Greenhouse Conditions in Southern Spain: (I) Macronutrients." Agronomy 11, no. 5: 842.
The aim of this study was to compile DRIS (Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System) norms and sufficiency ranges for pepper grown in greenhouses and the determination of the variation in DRIS norms and sufficiency ranges during the different phenological stages of the crop. The DRIS norms and sufficiency ranges were constituted by 367 leaf samples of Capsicum annuum L. which were collected in different phenological stages of the crop (flowering (FL), fruiting (FT), fruit development (FD), and harvesting (HV)). Two sufficiency ranges were developed; one including all leaf samples and the other considering the leaf samples by phenological stages ((FL) (44), (FT) (96), (FD) (100), and (HV) (127)). Furthermore, 10 DRIS norms and CV were calculated from N, P, K, Ca, and Mg. Two ratios of them were calculated in FL (N/P and N/K), two in FD (N/P and Ca/N) and one in HV (N/P) showing low CV, meaning, according to DRIS norms, the essential role of these nutrients in the crop nutrition. Moreover, the sufficiency ranges computed by all database were: N (34–56), P (1.9–4.3), K (30–51), Ca (12–33), and Mg (4.0–15) (mg g−1 DW), respectively. The data obtained in this experiment highlighted the importance of the sensitivity (low CV) of nutrient in the phenological stages such as happened with N.
Alfonso Llanderal; Pedro García-Caparrós; María Lao; Maria Segura. DRIS Norms and Sufficiency Ranges for Pepper Grown under Greenhouses Conditions in the Southeast of Spain. Agronomy 2021, 11, 837 .
AMA StyleAlfonso Llanderal, Pedro García-Caparrós, María Lao, Maria Segura. DRIS Norms and Sufficiency Ranges for Pepper Grown under Greenhouses Conditions in the Southeast of Spain. Agronomy. 2021; 11 (5):837.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlfonso Llanderal; Pedro García-Caparrós; María Lao; Maria Segura. 2021. "DRIS Norms and Sufficiency Ranges for Pepper Grown under Greenhouses Conditions in the Southeast of Spain." Agronomy 11, no. 5: 837.
El objetivo de la investigación fue evaluar la precisión y eficiencia del método de inventario forestal usando el escáner láser terrestre para la determinación de variables dendrométricas en plantaciones de teca (Tectona grandis Linn. F.). Se establecieron sitios de muestreo circulares de 500 m2 en plantaciones de teca de tres predios de la región Costa de Ecuador donde se usaron las metodologías de inventario forestal tradicional y del escáner láser terrestre, registrando las variables dendrométricas (diámetro normal, altura total y radio de copa) y el tiempo de trabajo necesario para complementar el inventario de cada parcela. Las estimaciones de los índices dasométricos para cada método de inventario y la eficiencia relativa del método del escáner láser terrestre con respecto al inventario forestal tradicional fueron contrastadas mediante pruebas de inferencia estadística. La prueba de contrastes estadísticos aplicada no detectó diferencias significativas entre los dos métodos de inventario en relación tanto con las variables dasométricas medidas como con los tiempos de trabajo registrados en cada parcela. Los valores de eficiencia relativa evidenciaron cierta superioridad del inventario realizado con el escáner láser terrestre sobre el realizado con el inventario forestal tradicional. El presente estudio permite concluir que el método del escáner láser terrestre para la elaboración de inventarios forestales en plantaciones de teca es preciso para la estimación de variables dasométricas, siendo más eficiente que el de inventario tradicional.
Alberto Peñalver Romeo; Fernando J. Aguilar Torres; Abderrahim Nemmaoui; José Ricardo Rivas Barzola; Ángel Antonio Triana Tomalá; Manuel A. Aguilar Torres; Alfonso Llanderal. Precisión y eficiencia del inventario de plantaciones de teca en Ecuador mediante escáner láser terrestre. Madera y Bosques 2021, 27, 1 .
AMA StyleAlberto Peñalver Romeo, Fernando J. Aguilar Torres, Abderrahim Nemmaoui, José Ricardo Rivas Barzola, Ángel Antonio Triana Tomalá, Manuel A. Aguilar Torres, Alfonso Llanderal. Precisión y eficiencia del inventario de plantaciones de teca en Ecuador mediante escáner láser terrestre. Madera y Bosques. 2021; 27 (1):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlberto Peñalver Romeo; Fernando J. Aguilar Torres; Abderrahim Nemmaoui; José Ricardo Rivas Barzola; Ángel Antonio Triana Tomalá; Manuel A. Aguilar Torres; Alfonso Llanderal. 2021. "Precisión y eficiencia del inventario de plantaciones de teca en Ecuador mediante escáner láser terrestre." Madera y Bosques 27, no. 1: 1.
The aim of this work is to evaluate the relationship between the nutrient concentration in petiole sap and different agronomic and climatic variables for a tomato crop grown in a greenhouse in Mediterranean conditions. In addition, the persistence of the nutrient concentration in petiole sap was investigated with the aim of determining the sampling period that implies the best trade-off nutritional information. The experiment consisted of the selection of 20 sampling points inside the greenhouse. The samples of petiole, fully expanded leaf, and soil solution samples were collected weekly from 86 to 163 days after transplanting. Chloride, NO3−-N, H2PO4−-P, Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ concentrations were determined in petiole sap and soil solution obtained by suction cups. Nitrogen, P, K, Cl, and Na concentrations were also determined in leaf. Finally, the petiole sap nutritional diagnosis method is the highest sensitive nutritional diagnosis method which compares soil solution and nutrient leaf content related to yield, and the statistical analysis performed in this research demonstrates that crop evapotranspiration (ETc), vapor pressure deficit (DPV), and leaf area index (LAI) are considered the most significant variables that allow the development of these empirical prediction models regarding nutrient concentration in petiole sap.
Alfonso Llanderal; Pedro García-Caparrós; José Pérez-Alonso; Juana Isabel Contreras; María Luz Segura; Juan Reca; María Teresa Lao. Approach to Petiole Sap Nutritional Diagnosis Method by Empirical Model Based on Climatic and Growth Parameters. Agronomy 2020, 10, 188 .
AMA StyleAlfonso Llanderal, Pedro García-Caparrós, José Pérez-Alonso, Juana Isabel Contreras, María Luz Segura, Juan Reca, María Teresa Lao. Approach to Petiole Sap Nutritional Diagnosis Method by Empirical Model Based on Climatic and Growth Parameters. Agronomy. 2020; 10 (2):188.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlfonso Llanderal; Pedro García-Caparrós; José Pérez-Alonso; Juana Isabel Contreras; María Luz Segura; Juan Reca; María Teresa Lao. 2020. "Approach to Petiole Sap Nutritional Diagnosis Method by Empirical Model Based on Climatic and Growth Parameters." Agronomy 10, no. 2: 188.
We evaluated two osmotic adjustment substances (glycine betaine (GB) and glycine (G) and a combination of both glycine + glycine betaine (G + GB) using two modes of application; irrigation and foliar sprays with Dracaena sanderiana plants. The plants were grown in containers and subjected to two levels of NaCl concentrations (2.0 and 7.5 dS m−1) over 8 weeks. Growth, pigment concentrations, and physiological parameters were assessed at the end of the trial. The foliar application of GB resulted in most optimal plant growth and biomass production in the presence of NaCl. The chlorophyll and carotenoid concentrations showed different trends depending on the osmotic adjustment substance applied and the mode of application. Stomatal density and dimensions varied considerably with respect to the osmotic adjustment substance supplied. The concentration of soluble sugars in leaves did not show a clear trend under the different treatments assessed. The exogenous application of G resulted in the highest concentration of free proline and proteins in leaves. The antioxidant capacity in leaves increased with both osmotic adjustment substances, and both means of application, under low and high saline conditions. We concluded that the foliar application of GB can be recommended in order to achieve cost-effective growth of D. sanderiana under saline conditions.
Pedro García-Caparrós; Alfonso Llanderal; Elodie Hegarat; María Jiménez-Lao; María Teresa Lao. Effects of Exogenous Application of Osmotic Adjustment Substances on Growth, Pigment Concentration, and Physiological Parameters of Dracaena sanderiana Sander under Different Levels of Salinity. Agronomy 2020, 10, 125 .
AMA StylePedro García-Caparrós, Alfonso Llanderal, Elodie Hegarat, María Jiménez-Lao, María Teresa Lao. Effects of Exogenous Application of Osmotic Adjustment Substances on Growth, Pigment Concentration, and Physiological Parameters of Dracaena sanderiana Sander under Different Levels of Salinity. Agronomy. 2020; 10 (1):125.
Chicago/Turabian StylePedro García-Caparrós; Alfonso Llanderal; Elodie Hegarat; María Jiménez-Lao; María Teresa Lao. 2020. "Effects of Exogenous Application of Osmotic Adjustment Substances on Growth, Pigment Concentration, and Physiological Parameters of Dracaena sanderiana Sander under Different Levels of Salinity." Agronomy 10, no. 1: 125.
Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) norms for nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), sulfur (S), chlorine (Cl) and sodium (Na) and nutrient sufficiency ranges for Aloe vera, Kalanchoe blossfeldiana, Lavandula multifidi, and Rosmarinus officinalis were based on two experiments. DRIS norms and nutrient ratios were computed and selected. Nutrient sufficiency ranges were developed using the data of the whole population according to the DRIS approach. The development of DRIS norms revealed that only K. blossfeldiana and R. officinalis showed limiting nutrients. The nutrient sufficiency ranges for each species expressed in mg g−1 were: A. vera (N (9–28), P (1–3), K (37–48), S (8–10), Cl (47–50), Na (17–37)), K. blossfeldiana (N (16–22), P (2–3), K (35–39), S (7–10), Cl (45–54), Na (7–19)), L. multifida (N (15–16), P (1–7), K (18–37), S (7–8), Cl (41–60), Na (21–49)), R. officinalis (N (9–23), P (2–5), K (31–48), S (7–8), Cl (36–40), Na (7–12)). The establishment of these DRIS norms will useful to manage the nutritional status of the species studied under saline conditions.
Pedro García-Caparrós; Alfonso Llanderal; John Majsztrik; Ivana Maksimovic; María Teresa Lao. Preliminary nutrient diagnosis norms and optimum ranges in potted ornamental plants grown under saline conditions. Journal of Plant Nutrition 2019, 42, 2805 -2813.
AMA StylePedro García-Caparrós, Alfonso Llanderal, John Majsztrik, Ivana Maksimovic, María Teresa Lao. Preliminary nutrient diagnosis norms and optimum ranges in potted ornamental plants grown under saline conditions. Journal of Plant Nutrition. 2019; 42 (20):2805-2813.
Chicago/Turabian StylePedro García-Caparrós; Alfonso Llanderal; John Majsztrik; Ivana Maksimovic; María Teresa Lao. 2019. "Preliminary nutrient diagnosis norms and optimum ranges in potted ornamental plants grown under saline conditions." Journal of Plant Nutrition 42, no. 20: 2805-2813.
The aims of this trial were to determine the spatial and temporal variability of the nutrients in petiole sap in a tomato crop under greenhouse and to determine the number of sub-samples for a representative sample. The experiment consisted of the selection of 20 sampling points. Petiole of fully expanded leaf was collected weekly in order to determine Cl, NO3-N, H2PO4-P, SO4-S, Na, K, Ca and Mg concentrations. Our results showed that variations of NO3-N, Na, Ca and K concentrations in sap were affected by the spatial distribution, whereas SO4-S and Mg concentrations in sap were affected by their temporal distribution. The spatial variability of our experiment could be related to radiation, yield and antagonism between nutrients, whereas the time variability could be related to the phenological stage of the plant and the antagonism between nutrients. The suggested number of petiole sub-sample ranging from 25 to 113 depending on nutrient.
Alfonso Llanderal; Pedro García-Caparrós; María L. Segura; Juana I. Contreras; María T. Lao. Nutritional changes in petiole sap over space and time in a tomato crop greenhouse. Journal of Plant Nutrition 2019, 42, 1205 -1217.
AMA StyleAlfonso Llanderal, Pedro García-Caparrós, María L. Segura, Juana I. Contreras, María T. Lao. Nutritional changes in petiole sap over space and time in a tomato crop greenhouse. Journal of Plant Nutrition. 2019; 42 (10):1205-1217.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlfonso Llanderal; Pedro García-Caparrós; María L. Segura; Juana I. Contreras; María T. Lao. 2019. "Nutritional changes in petiole sap over space and time in a tomato crop greenhouse." Journal of Plant Nutrition 42, no. 10: 1205-1217.
Lamiaceae is one of the largest families of aromatic plants and it is characterized by the presence of external glandular structures which produce essential oils highly valued in cosmetics and medicine. Plants of Lavandula latifolia, Mentha piperita, Salvia sclarea, Salvia lavandulifolia, Thymus capitatus, and Thymus mastichina were grown for one year. In order to evaluate the effects of drought stress, plants were subjected to two water treatments (100% ETo and 70% ETo, including the rainfall during the experimental period). At the end of the experiment, the biomass, the essential oil content, and leaf nutrients concentration were assessed for each water treatment and species studied. At the end of the experiment, L. latifolia, M. piperita and T. capitatus plants showed a significant fresh weight reduction under drought stress conditions whereas the other species studied remained unchanged. With respect to dry weight, only L. latifolia plants showed a reduction under water deficit conditions. As far as essential oil content was concerned, L. latifolia and S. sclarea plants had a reduction under water deficit conditions. Leaf nutrient concentration showed different trends between species considering the nutrient assessed. The economic viability of the growth of this species will be dependent on the benefits achieved which are related to yield production obtained and the price accorded for both raw material and the essential oil extracted.
Pedro García-Caparrós; María José Romero; Alfonso Llanderal; Pedro Cermeño; María Teresa Lao; María Luz Segura. Effects of Drought Stress on Biomass, Essential Oil Content, Nutritional Parameters, and Costs of Production in Six Lamiaceae Species. Water 2019, 11, 573 .
AMA StylePedro García-Caparrós, María José Romero, Alfonso Llanderal, Pedro Cermeño, María Teresa Lao, María Luz Segura. Effects of Drought Stress on Biomass, Essential Oil Content, Nutritional Parameters, and Costs of Production in Six Lamiaceae Species. Water. 2019; 11 (3):573.
Chicago/Turabian StylePedro García-Caparrós; María José Romero; Alfonso Llanderal; Pedro Cermeño; María Teresa Lao; María Luz Segura. 2019. "Effects of Drought Stress on Biomass, Essential Oil Content, Nutritional Parameters, and Costs of Production in Six Lamiaceae Species." Water 11, no. 3: 573.
The aim of this trial was to study the spatio-temporal variability in solution nutrient concentration under intensive greenhouse tomato production, to determine the number of suction-cups needed to obtain a representative sample and the influence by the position in the greenhouses. Twenty sampling points were selected within the greenhouse with one suction-cup per sampling point. One soil solution were sampled per point at weekly intervals to analyze for pH, electrical conductivity, chloride, nitrate, phosphate, sulfate, sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium (EC, Cl−, NO3−, H2PO4−, SO42—, Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+) concentrations. The pH, Cl−, H2PO4−, and SO42− concentrations showed no spatio-temporal variation but EC, NO3−, and K+ showed temporal variation. The spatial variability in EC, K+, Na+, Mg2+, and Ca2+ can be influenced by microclimate and topography. The numbers of suction cups required for a representative sample ranged from 1 to 10 depending on nutrient.
Alfonso Llanderal; Pedro García-Caparrós; Juana Isabel Contreras; María Luz Segura; María Teresa Lao. Spatio-temporal variations in nutrient concentration in soil solution under greenhouse tomato. Journal of Plant Nutrition 2019, 42, 842 -852.
AMA StyleAlfonso Llanderal, Pedro García-Caparrós, Juana Isabel Contreras, María Luz Segura, María Teresa Lao. Spatio-temporal variations in nutrient concentration in soil solution under greenhouse tomato. Journal of Plant Nutrition. 2019; 42 (8):842-852.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlfonso Llanderal; Pedro García-Caparrós; Juana Isabel Contreras; María Luz Segura; María Teresa Lao. 2019. "Spatio-temporal variations in nutrient concentration in soil solution under greenhouse tomato." Journal of Plant Nutrition 42, no. 8: 842-852.
The aim of this trial was to study the spatial and temporal variability of the leaf nutrient concentration in tomato intensive crop under greenhouse, to know the number of sub-samples needed to be taken to obtain a representative sample and the influence by the position in the greenhouses. The experiment consisted on the selection of 20 sample points over the greenhouse with one tomato plant per sample point. One fully expanded leaf by sample point with an interval of a week were taken. Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), sulfur (S), sodium (Na), and chloride (Cl) were determined in each sample. According to these results, N, P, K, S, Cl, and Na concentration showed no variation over the time. The spatial variability of N, P, and K could be related with the light intensity and yield. The suggested number of leaf sub-sample ranging from 25 to 126 depending on nutrient.
Alfonso Llanderal; Pedro García-Caparrós; Juana Isabel Contreras; María Luz Segura; María Teresa Lao. Testing foliar nutritional changes in space and over time in greenhouse tomato. Journal of Plant Nutrition 2019, 42, 333 -343.
AMA StyleAlfonso Llanderal, Pedro García-Caparrós, Juana Isabel Contreras, María Luz Segura, María Teresa Lao. Testing foliar nutritional changes in space and over time in greenhouse tomato. Journal of Plant Nutrition. 2019; 42 (4):333-343.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlfonso Llanderal; Pedro García-Caparrós; Juana Isabel Contreras; María Luz Segura; María Teresa Lao. 2019. "Testing foliar nutritional changes in space and over time in greenhouse tomato." Journal of Plant Nutrition 42, no. 4: 333-343.
The objective of this study was to compute and compare DRIS norms for grafted and non-grafted red bell pepper crops grown in semi arid climate conditions. DRIS norms were computed with 84 samples of first young mature leaves collected during developed stage. The experiment had a completely randomized block design, and the values obtained for each plant and each variable were considered as independent replicates. Thirty-two DRIS norms nutrient ratios and coefficients of variation (CV) were computed from N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn analytical results. The ratios P/N and K/N in grafted and non-grafted pepper plants, showed low CV and therefore may play a fundamental role in crop production according with the DRIS norms calculated, since as light modification in the nutrient concentration led to a significant change in the nutritional balance. In conclusion, DRIS norms are sensitive for grafted and non-grafted plants. This work may signify an improvement in the nutritional diagnosis of grafted and non-grafted red bell pepper in semi arid climate conditions under a shaded greenhouse.
Esteban Sánchez; Juan Manuel Soto-Parra; Pablo Preciado-Rangel; Alfonso Llanderal; María Teresa Lao. DRIS Norms for grafted and non-grafted red bell pepper in semi arid climate conditions in a greenhouse. Horticultura Brasileira 2018, 36, 371 -376.
AMA StyleEsteban Sánchez, Juan Manuel Soto-Parra, Pablo Preciado-Rangel, Alfonso Llanderal, María Teresa Lao. DRIS Norms for grafted and non-grafted red bell pepper in semi arid climate conditions in a greenhouse. Horticultura Brasileira. 2018; 36 (3):371-376.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEsteban Sánchez; Juan Manuel Soto-Parra; Pablo Preciado-Rangel; Alfonso Llanderal; María Teresa Lao. 2018. "DRIS Norms for grafted and non-grafted red bell pepper in semi arid climate conditions in a greenhouse." Horticultura Brasileira 36, no. 3: 371-376.
The free discharge of drainage water from greenhouse horticultural production to the environment is a current environmental concern due to its capacity to contribute to environmental pollution. This has led to the search of sustainable alternatives for its reuse in the production of other crops. However, before the large-scale use of such horticultural leachates in ornamental plants, the effects of such fertigation treatments on ornamental plants need to be evaluated. Plants of rosemary were grown in pots with a mixture of sphagnum peatmoss and Perlite and subjected to three fertigation treatments: T0 (a standard nutrient solution or control), T1 (raw leachates from Cucumis melo) and T2 (a mixture of raw leachates from C. melo and tap water 1:1 v/v, over a period of 9 weeks. At the end of the experiment, the growth parameters, color of leaves as well as water and nutrient uptake efficiencies and their losses were assessed for each fertigation treatment. The total dry weight and the water use efficiency of rosemary plants decreased under the fertigation with raw and diluted leachates. In addition, rosemary plants were shorter compared to the control but there were no differences in leaf color between the fertigation treatments. The uptake of N, P and K were affected by the applied fertigation treatments in a different manner. The use of horticultural leachates in the production of ornamental plants (as shown here for melon and rosemary) is feasible and presents a viable option to reduce water and nutrient input in plant production.
Pedro García-Caparrós; Alfonso Llanderal; Juan Carlos Rodríguez; Ivana Maksimovic; Miguel Urrestarazu; Maria Teresa Lao. Rosemary growth and nutrient balance: Leachate fertigation with leachates versus conventional fertigation. Scientia Horticulturae 2018, 242, 62 -68.
AMA StylePedro García-Caparrós, Alfonso Llanderal, Juan Carlos Rodríguez, Ivana Maksimovic, Miguel Urrestarazu, Maria Teresa Lao. Rosemary growth and nutrient balance: Leachate fertigation with leachates versus conventional fertigation. Scientia Horticulturae. 2018; 242 ():62-68.
Chicago/Turabian StylePedro García-Caparrós; Alfonso Llanderal; Juan Carlos Rodríguez; Ivana Maksimovic; Miguel Urrestarazu; Maria Teresa Lao. 2018. "Rosemary growth and nutrient balance: Leachate fertigation with leachates versus conventional fertigation." Scientia Horticulturae 242, no. : 62-68.
The objectives of this study were to compute diagnosis and recommendation integrated system (DRIS) norms and sufficiency ranges from a survey of tomato crops grown in Mediterranean greenhouses and the verification of their variation during plant growth and development. DRIS norms were computed from 408 samples of first young mature leaves collected during different phenological stages. Using the DRIS technique, two sufficiency ranges were developed: one includes all the database regardless of the phenological stage, and the other was developed based on the phenological stage. Also, ten DRIS norm nutrient ratios and cv were computed from N, P, K, Ca, and Mg analytical results. All the ratios in flowering (FL), and only N/K, Mg/K, and Mg/N in fruit development (FD), showed low cv and therefore may play a fundamental role in crop development in accord with the DRIS norms calculated. It is also necessary to point out that a slight modification in the nutrient concentration led to a large change in the nutritional balance of the plant. Moreover, the general sufficiency ranges developed were: N (25–48), P (2.6–4.7), K (16–31), Ca (23–36), and Mg (6.7–10 g·kg−1). In conclusion, this work may signify an improvement in the nutritional diagnosis of greenhouse tomatoes in the Mediterranean area, because there is great variability when setting DRIS standards and sufficiency ranges based on phenological stages compared with general DRIS norms and sufficiency ranges. Use of DRIS norms and sufficiency ranges will allow better nutritional adjustment based on the phenological stage of the crop.
Alfonso Llanderal; María Teresa Lao; Juana Isabel Contreras; María Luz Segura. Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System Norms and Sufficiency Ranges for Tomato Greenhouse in Mediterranean Climate. HortScience 2018, 53, 479 -482.
AMA StyleAlfonso Llanderal, María Teresa Lao, Juana Isabel Contreras, María Luz Segura. Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System Norms and Sufficiency Ranges for Tomato Greenhouse in Mediterranean Climate. HortScience. 2018; 53 (4):479-482.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlfonso Llanderal; María Teresa Lao; Juana Isabel Contreras; María Luz Segura. 2018. "Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System Norms and Sufficiency Ranges for Tomato Greenhouse in Mediterranean Climate." HortScience 53, no. 4: 479-482.
The aim of this trial was to study the variability of anions and cations concentrations in the different petiole samples: young leaves (YL), mature leaves (ML) and aged leaves (AL). The experimental design consisted of four blocks and four plants per block being each plant one replication. In each plant, petiole samples were collected at 135 days after transplanting (DAT) to determine chloride, nitrate-nitrogen, phosphate-phosphorus, sulfate-sulfur, sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium (Cl−, NO3–N, H2PO4–P, SO42–S, Na+, K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+) concentrations. Our results showed that the selection of sample petiole in the tomato crop did not modify the Ca2+, Cl−, SO42–S and Na+ concentrations, while NO3–N, K+, Mg2+ and H2PO4–P concentrations showed a great variability due to the selection of the sample petiole, therefore it is necessary to be careful with the sample selection.
Alfonso Llanderal; Pedro García-Caparrós; Juana Isabel Contreras; Maria Luz Segura; María Teresa Lao. Evaluation of the Nutrients Variability in Sap of Different Petiole Samples in Tomato Plant. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 2018, 49, 745 -750.
AMA StyleAlfonso Llanderal, Pedro García-Caparrós, Juana Isabel Contreras, Maria Luz Segura, María Teresa Lao. Evaluation of the Nutrients Variability in Sap of Different Petiole Samples in Tomato Plant. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis. 2018; 49 (6):745-750.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlfonso Llanderal; Pedro García-Caparrós; Juana Isabel Contreras; Maria Luz Segura; María Teresa Lao. 2018. "Evaluation of the Nutrients Variability in Sap of Different Petiole Samples in Tomato Plant." Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 49, no. 6: 745-750.
The blending of drainage with water of low electrical conductivity and the sequential reuse of the drainage water are innovative technologies to manage salts in agricultural drainage. Plants of Cucumis melo were grown in coir grow bags, and Rosmarinus officinalis and Cacti spp. were grown in pots with a mixture of sphagnum peat-moss and perlite. In order to assess the effect and evolution over time of these water treatments on plant growth and water management and removal of nutrients, three water treatments were applied over a period of eight weeks. These were: (1) standard nutrient solution; (2) blended water treatment (drainage water blended with water of low electrical conductivity (EC)) and (3) sequential reuse of drainage water treatment. During the experimental growing period, samples of water supplies and drainages generated in each water treatment were collected weekly and from these data water volume and nutrient loads were calculated. At the end of the experiment, leaf fresh weight of rosemary plants decreased under the fertigation with the blended and sequential reuse water treatments. Nevertheless, the application of blended and sequentially reused water allowed for the saving of significant amounts of water and nutrients in comparison to the standard nutrient solution treatment. Considering these advantages, we strongly recommend the setting-up of these water treatments in areas with water scarcity such as in the Mediterranean Basin.
Pedro Garcia-Caparros; Alfonso Llanderal; Ivana Maksimovic; María Teresa Lao. Cascade Cropping System with Horticultural and Ornamental Plants under Greenhouse Conditions. Water 2018, 10, 125 .
AMA StylePedro Garcia-Caparros, Alfonso Llanderal, Ivana Maksimovic, María Teresa Lao. Cascade Cropping System with Horticultural and Ornamental Plants under Greenhouse Conditions. Water. 2018; 10 (2):125.
Chicago/Turabian StylePedro Garcia-Caparros; Alfonso Llanderal; Ivana Maksimovic; María Teresa Lao. 2018. "Cascade Cropping System with Horticultural and Ornamental Plants under Greenhouse Conditions." Water 10, no. 2: 125.
Plants of Ruscus aculeatus, known as “butcher’s broom”, Maytenus senegalensis, known as “confetti tree”, and Juncus acutus, known as “spiny rush” were grown in pots with a mixture of sphagnum peat-moss and Perlite in order to determine the effect and evolution over time of three water use systems on plant growth, water saving and nutrient uptake. These were an open system (irrigated with standard nutrient solution) and two closed systems (blended-water (drainage water blended with water of low electrical conductivity (EC)) and sequential reuse of drainage (sequential-reuse) water), over a period of 8 weeks. Irrigation with blended- and sequential-reuse-water increased the biomass of all three species at the end of the experiment, compared to the open system. Overall, sequential-reuse-water treatment maximised biomass production. The application of blended- and sequential-reuse-water allowed savings of 17% of water in comparison to the open system. Regarding Cl, NO3− and H2PO4− loads, there was a removal of 5%, 32% and 32%; respectively in the blended-water treatment and 15%, 17% and 17% in the sequential-reuse water treatment compared to the open system. For the cation loads (Na+, K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+) in these water treatments there was a removal of 10%, 32%, 7% and 18% respectively in the blended-water treatment, and 17%, 22%, 17% and 18% respectively in the sequential-reuse treatment, compared to the open system.
Pedro Garcia-Caparros; Alfonso Llanderal; Ahmed El-Tarawy; Ivana Maksimovic; María Teresa Lao. Crop and Irrigation Management Systems under Greenhouse Conditions. Water 2018, 10, 62 .
AMA StylePedro Garcia-Caparros, Alfonso Llanderal, Ahmed El-Tarawy, Ivana Maksimovic, María Teresa Lao. Crop and Irrigation Management Systems under Greenhouse Conditions. Water. 2018; 10 (1):62.
Chicago/Turabian StylePedro Garcia-Caparros; Alfonso Llanderal; Ahmed El-Tarawy; Ivana Maksimovic; María Teresa Lao. 2018. "Crop and Irrigation Management Systems under Greenhouse Conditions." Water 10, no. 1: 62.
This experiment measured plant growth of a halophyte (species adapted to saline conditions) confetti tree (Maytenus senegalensis) using runoff from kneeholy plants (Ruscus aculeatus). Three irrigation treatments were used, a standard nutrient solution or control (T0), runoff water collected from kneeholy plants irrigated with the standard nutrient solution blended 50:50 with tap water (T1), and 100% runoff water collected from kneeholy plants irrigated with the standard nutrient solution (T2), in which the nutrient concentrations were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Growth, photosynthetic parameters, and mineral composition were measured at the end of the experiment. Electrical conductivity and pH increased with increasing runoff application (decreased blending). Treatment 2 had significantly higher plant height, number of branches, number of leaves, leaf area index, and dry weight. Treatments 1 and 2 had significantly lower root lengths compared with the control. Chlorophyll concentration and green index color in leaves were greater in T2 and T1 than T0. The mineral composition of roots and leaves was affected by irrigation treatment, resulting in an increase of sodium and chloride concentration and a decline of nitrogen and phosphorous concentration compared with the control. The reuse of runoff water was beneficial for growing this commercially important halophytic species in Spain, a consideration that is particularly relevant in locations with water quality, quantity issues, or both.
Pedro Garcia-Caparros; Alfonso Llanderal; Ahmed El-Tarawy; John Majsztrik; María Teresa Lao. Response of Container-grown Confetti Tree Irrigated with Runoff Water. HortTechnology 2017, 27, 625 -630.
AMA StylePedro Garcia-Caparros, Alfonso Llanderal, Ahmed El-Tarawy, John Majsztrik, María Teresa Lao. Response of Container-grown Confetti Tree Irrigated with Runoff Water. HortTechnology. 2017; 27 (5):625-630.
Chicago/Turabian StylePedro Garcia-Caparros; Alfonso Llanderal; Ahmed El-Tarawy; John Majsztrik; María Teresa Lao. 2017. "Response of Container-grown Confetti Tree Irrigated with Runoff Water." HortTechnology 27, no. 5: 625-630.
The scarcity of water in the Mediterranean area has frequently led to the use of saline water to irrigate ornamental plants in nurseries. Aloe vera L. Burm, Kalanchoe blossfeldiana Poelln, and Gazania splendens Lem. plants were grown in a greenhouse from the University of Almeria in containers with a mixture of sphagnum peat moss and perlite in order to evaluate the effect of salinity levels on plant growth, water-use efficiency, and nutrient leaching. The experimental design consisted of three salinity treatments, four blocks, and four plants (one plant per container) per treatment-block giving a total of 12 plants per species plus border plants placed around the perimeter of the treatment plants to maintain uniform growing conditions for treatment plants. At the end of the experiment, plant dry weight and water-use efficiency were assessed for each salinity treatment. Leachate was collected weekly and analyzed for concentrations of nitrate-nitrogen, phosphate-phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and magnesium (NO3–N, PO43–P, K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+). Increasing salinity levels of irrigation water reduced the plant dry weight in all species and affected the leachates volume and their nutrients concentrations. We suggest the use of low salinity levels in water to improve the growth and to reduce the environmental impacts of nutrient runoff.
Pedro Garcia-Caparros; Alfonso Llanderal; María Teresa Lao. Effects of Salinity on Growth, Water-Use Efficiency, and Nutrient Leaching of Three Containerized Ornamental Plants. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 2017, 48, 1221 -1230.
AMA StylePedro Garcia-Caparros, Alfonso Llanderal, María Teresa Lao. Effects of Salinity on Growth, Water-Use Efficiency, and Nutrient Leaching of Three Containerized Ornamental Plants. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis. 2017; 48 (10):1221-1230.
Chicago/Turabian StylePedro Garcia-Caparros; Alfonso Llanderal; María Teresa Lao. 2017. "Effects of Salinity on Growth, Water-Use Efficiency, and Nutrient Leaching of Three Containerized Ornamental Plants." Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 48, no. 10: 1221-1230.
Sarcocornia fruticosa (L.) A.J. Scott is a dicotyledonous halophyte that grows in areas with an arid climate such as the marshes of southern Spain. The species has potential uses for saline agriculture and biofuel production, but the effects of salt stress on its nutrition and physiology remain unclear. Plants of S. fruticosa were grown in pots with a mixture of sphagnum peat-moss and Perlite. In order to evaluate the effects of different levels of salinity, five treatments using different NaCl concentrations (10 (control), 60, 100, 200 and 300 mM NaCl) were applied over a period of 60 days. At the end of the experiment, the dry weight, the biomass allocation and the tissue water content were measured for each salinity treatment. The net uptake of various nutrients and their translocation rates were calculated for each salt treatment. Salt loss, shedding of plant parts and succulence in shoots were evaluated together with the K+/Na+ ratio, K-Na selectivity, concentrations of osmolytes and their estimated contributions to the osmotic potential. Our results showed that S. fruticosa can maintain its major physiological processes at 60 mM NaCl without significant dry weight reduction. Higher salinity resulted in negative values for net uptake and translocation rates from roots to shoots of N and P. As might be predicted from other dicotyledonous halophytes, S. fruticosa plants increased Cl– and Na+ uptake using both as osmotica instead of organic osmolytes. However, to survive salinity, this species has also evolved others mechanisms such as shedding old shoots, increased succulence in shoots at higher salt concentrations and the ability to maintain a lower K+/Na+ ratio and higher K-Na selectivity in all organs.
Pedro García-Caparrós; Alfonso Llanderal; Maribela Pestana; Pedro José Correia; María Teresa Lao. Nutritional and physiological responses of the dicotyledonous halophyte Sarcocornia fruticosa to salinity. Australian Journal of Botany 2017, 65, 573 -581.
AMA StylePedro García-Caparrós, Alfonso Llanderal, Maribela Pestana, Pedro José Correia, María Teresa Lao. Nutritional and physiological responses of the dicotyledonous halophyte Sarcocornia fruticosa to salinity. Australian Journal of Botany. 2017; 65 (7):573-581.
Chicago/Turabian StylePedro García-Caparrós; Alfonso Llanderal; Maribela Pestana; Pedro José Correia; María Teresa Lao. 2017. "Nutritional and physiological responses of the dicotyledonous halophyte Sarcocornia fruticosa to salinity." Australian Journal of Botany 65, no. 7: 573-581.