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Maria T. Lao
Department of Superior School Engineering, University of Almeria, CIAIMBITAL, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3. Ctra. Sacramento s/n, La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120 Almería, Spain

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Journal article
Published: 21 June 2021 in Agronomy
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Seedlings of Chrysalidocarpus lutescens, Dracaena deremensis and Dracaena marginata were grown in plastic containers filled with sphagnum peat-moss to assess the effects of three different water systems on plant growth, water saving and nutrient removal during the experimental period. The experiment lasted for 8 weeks and consisted of three water systems. These consisted of an open draining system fertigated with a standard nutrient solution (system T0) and two closed systems: sequential reuse of the leachate (system T1) and sequential reuse of the leachate with the addition of H2O2 (system T2). Over the course of the experiment, samples of water and supplies generated in each water treatment were collected weekly, and from these data water volume and nutrient loads were calculated. The addition of H2O2 to the leachate resulted in an enhancement in plant dry weight in Dracaena deremensis and Dracaena marginata. Regarding anion loads (Cl, NO3, H2PO4, SO42−) in these water systems, there was a removal rate of 42%, 28%, 27% and 28%, respectively, in the closed systems compared to the open system. For the cation loads (Na+, K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+) in these water systems, there was a removal rate from 28% to 29%, respectively, in the closed systems compared to the open system.

ACS Style

Pedro García-Caparrós; Alfonso Llanderal; Cristina Velasquez; María Lao. Water and Nutrient Balance in an Ornamental Cascade Cropping System. Agronomy 2021, 11, 1251 .

AMA Style

Pedro García-Caparrós, Alfonso Llanderal, Cristina Velasquez, María Lao. Water and Nutrient Balance in an Ornamental Cascade Cropping System. Agronomy. 2021; 11 (6):1251.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pedro García-Caparrós; Alfonso Llanderal; Cristina Velasquez; María Lao. 2021. "Water and Nutrient Balance in an Ornamental Cascade Cropping System." Agronomy 11, no. 6: 1251.

Book chapter
Published: 19 May 2021 in Handbook of Halophytes
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The presence of saline soils is widely extended at worldwide level. Plants grown under saline conditions suffer an osmotic and ionic effect at cellular level resulting in yield decrease. These effects are exacerbated especially in ornamental plants due to the salt sensitivity and the loss of aesthetic value due to the presence of visual damages associated to Na and Cl, resulting in losses of incomes for the growers. On the other hand, anthropogenic activities have reduced the environmental diversity; therefore the restoration and creation of new green areas are crucial. Moreover, the increase of salinity has resulted in a decline of the use of native plants in urban and peri-urban environments. Halophytes comprise several botanical families (123), and they are distributed in a broad range of environments, from arid regions to coastal marshes. Under these circumstances and considering the high degree of adaptability among halophytes to survive in different habitats, the use of halophytes with attractiveness, floral color, or fragrance can be an environmental and sustainable choice for the restoration of urban and degraded areas.

ACS Style

Pedro García-Caparrós; Alfonso Llanderal; María Teresa Lao. Halophytes as an Option for the Restoration of Degraded Areas and Landscaping. Handbook of Halophytes 2021, 2795 -2810.

AMA Style

Pedro García-Caparrós, Alfonso Llanderal, María Teresa Lao. Halophytes as an Option for the Restoration of Degraded Areas and Landscaping. Handbook of Halophytes. 2021; ():2795-2810.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pedro García-Caparrós; Alfonso Llanderal; María Teresa Lao. 2021. "Halophytes as an Option for the Restoration of Degraded Areas and Landscaping." Handbook of Halophytes , no. : 2795-2810.

Journal article
Published: 25 April 2021 in Agronomy
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Information about the nutrients distribution in sand-mulched soils is rather scarce; therefore, the aim of this experiment was to determine the spatial distribution and mobility of macronutrients in the wet bulb zone in two sand-mulched soils (a technique where manure and sand are layered over existing soil) for fertigated green bean with a drip irrigation distribution system under greenhouse conditions. The experimental design was multifactorial (4): soil type (S1 (1.0% organic matter (OM)) and S2 (2.5% OM)), time of sampling (before planting and after crop harvest) and spatial distribution: distance (0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 m) from the emitter and soil depth (0.1–0.2, 0.2–0.3 and 0.3–0.4 m) with three blocks and one replication per block. The chemical parameters (pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and macronutrients concentration) were analyzed in each soil sample. The testing crop was green bean (Phaseolous vulgaris L. c.v. Mantra RZ), lasting 90 days. The results obtained showed the highest value of EC and NO3 −-N, K, and Ca concentration in the sand layer in both soils. At all soil profile depths, nutrient concentrations of NH4 +-N and soil EC were lower in the high OM soil. Comparing the soil profile at the beginning and at the end of the experiment, there was a significant decrease in NO3 −-N, P and Ca concentration and a significant increase in EC value and Mg concentration at the end of the crop. In distance, EC and K showed the highest concentration at 0.30 m. In depth, there was a decline in EC value and NH4 +-N, P, K, Ca and Mg concentration. The comparison between the sand layer and the soil profile in both soils reported a similar trend in pH, EC, NO3 −-N, P and Mg concentration. Considering the mobility of macronutrients in a sandy mulched soil, it would be recommendable to develop a sustainable and dynamic fertigation management, adjusting nutrient inputs over time.

ACS Style

Alfonso Llanderal; Pedro Garcia-Caparros; Juana Contreras; María Lao; María Segura. Spatial Distribution and Mobility of Nutrients on Sand Mulching Soil for Fertigated Green Bean Crops under Greenhouse Conditions in Southern Spain: (I) Macronutrients. Agronomy 2021, 11, 842 .

AMA Style

Alfonso Llanderal, Pedro Garcia-Caparros, Juana Contreras, María Lao, María Segura. Spatial Distribution and Mobility of Nutrients on Sand Mulching Soil for Fertigated Green Bean Crops under Greenhouse Conditions in Southern Spain: (I) Macronutrients. Agronomy. 2021; 11 (5):842.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alfonso Llanderal; Pedro Garcia-Caparros; Juana Contreras; María Lao; María Segura. 2021. "Spatial Distribution and Mobility of Nutrients on Sand Mulching Soil for Fertigated Green Bean Crops under Greenhouse Conditions in Southern Spain: (I) Macronutrients." Agronomy 11, no. 5: 842.

Journal article
Published: 24 April 2021 in Agronomy
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The aim of this study was to compile DRIS (Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System) norms and sufficiency ranges for pepper grown in greenhouses and the determination of the variation in DRIS norms and sufficiency ranges during the different phenological stages of the crop. The DRIS norms and sufficiency ranges were constituted by 367 leaf samples of Capsicum annuum L. which were collected in different phenological stages of the crop (flowering (FL), fruiting (FT), fruit development (FD), and harvesting (HV)). Two sufficiency ranges were developed; one including all leaf samples and the other considering the leaf samples by phenological stages ((FL) (44), (FT) (96), (FD) (100), and (HV) (127)). Furthermore, 10 DRIS norms and CV were calculated from N, P, K, Ca, and Mg. Two ratios of them were calculated in FL (N/P and N/K), two in FD (N/P and Ca/N) and one in HV (N/P) showing low CV, meaning, according to DRIS norms, the essential role of these nutrients in the crop nutrition. Moreover, the sufficiency ranges computed by all database were: N (34–56), P (1.9–4.3), K (30–51), Ca (12–33), and Mg (4.0–15) (mg g−1 DW), respectively. The data obtained in this experiment highlighted the importance of the sensitivity (low CV) of nutrient in the phenological stages such as happened with N.

ACS Style

Alfonso Llanderal; Pedro García-Caparrós; María Lao; Maria Segura. DRIS Norms and Sufficiency Ranges for Pepper Grown under Greenhouses Conditions in the Southeast of Spain. Agronomy 2021, 11, 837 .

AMA Style

Alfonso Llanderal, Pedro García-Caparrós, María Lao, Maria Segura. DRIS Norms and Sufficiency Ranges for Pepper Grown under Greenhouses Conditions in the Southeast of Spain. Agronomy. 2021; 11 (5):837.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alfonso Llanderal; Pedro García-Caparrós; María Lao; Maria Segura. 2021. "DRIS Norms and Sufficiency Ranges for Pepper Grown under Greenhouses Conditions in the Southeast of Spain." Agronomy 11, no. 5: 837.

Journal article
Published: 13 March 2021 in Agronomy
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Ozone has a high oxidizing power avoiding the presence of residues, so it is a good candidate for use in organic farming. However, its application in fertigation has been little studied. Two experiments were conducted simultaneously to check the aims of this work. The aim of the first experiment was to study pepper response under the nutrient solution supply and the application of O3 and its interactions, and the aim of the second experiment was to determine the optimal dosage of O3 to be supplied, from the point of view of plant development and nutritional and physiological status in both experiments. We conclude that O3 supply via fertigation increased pepper biomass production. According to the results obtained, we recommend that the optimal dosage of O3 in pepper plants be from 0.18 to 0.36 mg L−1 due to its higher associated biomass production. Under these dosages, pepper plants showed a higher leaf area and higher photosynthetic pigment concentration. Similarly, under these dosages, N, P, and K plant uptake were higher, allowing a higher synthesis of bioassimilates.

ACS Style

Julian Colunje; Pedro Garcia-Caparros; Jorge Moreira; María Lao. Effect of Ozonated Fertigation in Pepper Cultivation under Greenhouse Conditions. Agronomy 2021, 11, 544 .

AMA Style

Julian Colunje, Pedro Garcia-Caparros, Jorge Moreira, María Lao. Effect of Ozonated Fertigation in Pepper Cultivation under Greenhouse Conditions. Agronomy. 2021; 11 (3):544.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Julian Colunje; Pedro Garcia-Caparros; Jorge Moreira; María Lao. 2021. "Effect of Ozonated Fertigation in Pepper Cultivation under Greenhouse Conditions." Agronomy 11, no. 3: 544.

Journal article
Published: 27 February 2021 in Agronomy
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The rapid development of greenhouse horticulture has brought about a dramatic increase in the nitrate pollution of aquifers. The optimization of nitrogen application is an important tool to minimize nitrogen losses. The objective of this research was to assess the effect of different fertigation strategies, based on the reduction of the nitrogen applied and the use of a percentage of NH4 + as a nitrogen source, on the decrease in the environmental impact caused by the traditional system, as well as to evaluate if this is compatible with a high fruit yield (considering quantity and quality). Lycopersicum esculentum Mill cv. Forteza plants were grown in a polyethylene greenhouse. Tomato yield and quality were evaluated, along with leachates, which were collected by means of rigid plastic lysimeters. The proposed strategies did not reduce fruit yield. However, the reduction in the nitrate applied caused firmness and °Brix decrease, together with a diminution in titratable acidity until 124 days after transplanting. Nevertheless, these effects were not observed with the replacement of some of the NO3 − by NH4 +. The reduction in fertilizer inputs significantly improved water and nutrient (N, P and K) use efficiency. The treatment with NH4 + improved K use efficiency, compared to the conventional treatment, but P decreased. The highest NO3 − and K leaching was detected in the traditional treatment.

ACS Style

Blanca Plaza; María Lao; Silvia Jiménez-Becker. Fertigation Strategies to Alleviate Fertilizer Contamination Generated by Tomato Crops under Plastic Greenhouses. Agronomy 2021, 11, 444 .

AMA Style

Blanca Plaza, María Lao, Silvia Jiménez-Becker. Fertigation Strategies to Alleviate Fertilizer Contamination Generated by Tomato Crops under Plastic Greenhouses. Agronomy. 2021; 11 (3):444.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Blanca Plaza; María Lao; Silvia Jiménez-Becker. 2021. "Fertigation Strategies to Alleviate Fertilizer Contamination Generated by Tomato Crops under Plastic Greenhouses." Agronomy 11, no. 3: 444.

Journal article
Published: 28 January 2021 in Agronomy
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Phosphorus (P) is considered an elementary mineral nutrient for plants. Nevertheless, excessive or deficit supply to the crop may cause negative changes at the physiological level. Plants were cultivated in pots in a growth chamber under increasing P concentration (P1 (0.5 mmol/L (control treatment)), P2 (1 mmol/L); P3 (2 mmol/L); P4 (4 mmol/L); P5 (6 mmol/L), and P6 (8 mmol/L)) in the nutrient solution for 40 days. At the end of the experimental period, biomass, carbohydrates concentration, and enzymatic activities related to the synthesis and degradation of sucrose as well as the different fractions of P in different organs of the plant were assessed. The results obtained in this experiment reveal a decrease in biomass under increasing P supply. Fructose, glucose, sucrose, and starch concentrations were higher in the shoots compared to the roots. There were different trends in the roots and shoots in enzymatic activities related to sucrose. The increase in P dose increased the concentration of the different forms assessed for P in all the organs studied. Seed phytate concentration surpassed the threshold established by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) for green bean plants grown under P4, P5, and P6 treatments. Considering the results obtained, we suggest fertigation with a concentration of 2 mmol/L to obtain a higher productivity without excess of phytate in seeds.

ACS Style

Pedro García-Caparrós; María Teresa Lao; Pablo Preciado-Rangel; Esteban Sanchez. Phosphorus and Carbohydrate Metabolism in Green Bean Plants Subjected to Increasing Phosphorus Concentration in the Nutrient Solution. Agronomy 2021, 11, 245 .

AMA Style

Pedro García-Caparrós, María Teresa Lao, Pablo Preciado-Rangel, Esteban Sanchez. Phosphorus and Carbohydrate Metabolism in Green Bean Plants Subjected to Increasing Phosphorus Concentration in the Nutrient Solution. Agronomy. 2021; 11 (2):245.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pedro García-Caparrós; María Teresa Lao; Pablo Preciado-Rangel; Esteban Sanchez. 2021. "Phosphorus and Carbohydrate Metabolism in Green Bean Plants Subjected to Increasing Phosphorus Concentration in the Nutrient Solution." Agronomy 11, no. 2: 245.

Journal article
Published: 24 January 2021 in Agronomy
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The reuse of crop drainage into other crops, in the form of a cascade cropping system, is a feasible environmental solution where high inputs of water and fertilizer are used for crop growth and lower efficiency rates, associated with a high discharge of water and fertilizers into the environment, are present. Dracaena marginata plants were cultured in containers with sphagnum peat moss and were subjected to three different fertigation treatments for eight weeks: Dm0 (standard nutrient solution or control treatment), Dm1 (raw leachates), and Dm2 (raw leachates with additional H2O2), where the leachates were collected from a Chrysalidocarpus lutescens-Dracaena deremensis cascade cropping system. At the end of the harvesting, growth parameters, pigment concentration, leaf and root proline, total soluble sugar concentrations, and water and nutrient use efficiencies were assessed for each fertigation treatment. Plant height, root, stem, and total dry weight increased under fertigation with leachates with H2O2. The fertigation with leachates with or without H2O2 increased the red index value. There were no clear trends between the fertigation treatments with regards to pigment concentrations and biochemical parameters (proline and total soluble sugar concentrations). The addition of H2O2 to the leachate increased N concentration in the organs assessed, as well as the water and nutrient use efficiencies. There were no variations in H2PO4−, SO42−, Na+, and Mg2+ concentration in the chemical composition of the substrate between fertigation treatments. The positive results reported in this experiment suggest the potential growth of Dracaena marginata with leachate and hydrogen peroxide in a cascade cropping system.

ACS Style

Pedro García-Caparrós; Cristina Espino; María Lao. Comparative Behavior of Dracaena marginata Plants Integrated into a Cascade Cropping System with the Addition of Hydrogen Peroxide. Agronomy 2021, 11, 218 .

AMA Style

Pedro García-Caparrós, Cristina Espino, María Lao. Comparative Behavior of Dracaena marginata Plants Integrated into a Cascade Cropping System with the Addition of Hydrogen Peroxide. Agronomy. 2021; 11 (2):218.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pedro García-Caparrós; Cristina Espino; María Lao. 2021. "Comparative Behavior of Dracaena marginata Plants Integrated into a Cascade Cropping System with the Addition of Hydrogen Peroxide." Agronomy 11, no. 2: 218.

Journal article
Published: 19 January 2021 in Agronomy
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Landfill leachate can release pollutants into the environment. Nevertheless, it can be treated using a phytodepuration system via constructed wetlands to reduce contaminants. Moreover, this leachate can also increase the availability of macro and micronutrients in soil and water. In this trial, the reuse of untreated and treated wastewater from municipal solid waste (MSW) for fertigation was assessed. Plantlets of Viola × wittrockiana (pansy) were grown in a greenhouse and five fertigation treatments were applied: W9.0 (pure wastewater, EC 9.0 dS m−1), W4.5 (diluted wastewater, EC 4.5 dS m−1), DW4.5 (depurated wastewater, EC 4.5 dS m−1), PW4.5 (phytodepurated wastewater, EC 4.5 dS m−1), and T (tap water, control, EC 1.5 dS m−1). The treatment with untreated wastewater had a negative effect on plant dry weight, leaf size, specific leaf area, water content, and the number of closed and open flowers, due to the high concentration of SO42− in the fertigation water. It also reduced the content of Cu, Mn, Fe, and Zn with respect to the control, because of the dry biomass diminution. Conversely, fertigation with phytodepurated wastewater enhanced root and shoot dry weight, water content, and the number of closed and open flowers. Cu and Mn contents in flowers surpassed the content detected in plants fertigated with untreated leachates. These findings demonstrate that phytodepurated wastewater obtained from MSW can be employed for the fertigation of this species.

ACS Style

Blanca María Plaza; Giulia Carmassi; Cecilia Diara; Alberto Pardossi; María Teresa Lao; Silvia Jiménez-Becker. Effects of Fertigation with Untreated and Treated Leachates from Municipal Solid Waste on the Microelement Status and Biometric Parameters of Viola × wittrockiana. Agronomy 2021, 11, 186 .

AMA Style

Blanca María Plaza, Giulia Carmassi, Cecilia Diara, Alberto Pardossi, María Teresa Lao, Silvia Jiménez-Becker. Effects of Fertigation with Untreated and Treated Leachates from Municipal Solid Waste on the Microelement Status and Biometric Parameters of Viola × wittrockiana. Agronomy. 2021; 11 (1):186.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Blanca María Plaza; Giulia Carmassi; Cecilia Diara; Alberto Pardossi; María Teresa Lao; Silvia Jiménez-Becker. 2021. "Effects of Fertigation with Untreated and Treated Leachates from Municipal Solid Waste on the Microelement Status and Biometric Parameters of Viola × wittrockiana." Agronomy 11, no. 1: 186.

Journal article
Published: 11 January 2021 in Agronomy
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The reuse of drainages for cultivating more salt tolerant crops can be a useful tool especially in arid regions, where there are severe problems for crops water management. Dracaena deremensis L. plants were cultured in pots with sphagnum peat-moss and were subjected to three fertigation treatments for 8 weeks: control treatment or standard nutrient solution (D0), raw leachates from Chrysalidocarpus lutescens H. Wendl plants (DL) and the same leachate blending with H2O2 (1.2 M) at 1% (v/v) (DL + H2O2). After harvesting, ornamental and biomass parameters, leaf and root proline and total soluble sugar concentration and nutrient balance were assessed in each fertigation treatment. Plant height, leaf and total dry weight had the highest values in plants fertigated with leachates with H2O2, whereas root length, leaf number, RGB values and pigment concentration declined significantly in plants fertigated with leachates from C. lutescens with or without H2O2. The fertigation with leachates, regardless of the presence or absence of H2O2 increased root and leaf proline concentration. Nevertheless, root and leaf total soluble sugar concentration did not show a clear trend under the treatments assessed. Regarding nutrient balance, the addition of H2O2 in the leachate resulted in an increase in plant nutrient uptake and efficiency compared to the control treatment. The fertigation with leachates with or without H2O2 increased nitrogen and potassium leached per plant compared to plants fertigated with the standard nutrient solution. The reuse of drainages is a viable option to produce ornamental plants reducing the problematic associated with the water consumption and the release of nutrients into the environment.

ACS Style

Pedro García-Caparrós; Cristina Velasquez Espino; María Teresa Lao. Effects of Leachate Fertigation and the Addition of Hydrogen Peroxide on Growth and Nutrient Balance in Dracaena deremensis Potted Plants. Agronomy 2021, 11, 127 .

AMA Style

Pedro García-Caparrós, Cristina Velasquez Espino, María Teresa Lao. Effects of Leachate Fertigation and the Addition of Hydrogen Peroxide on Growth and Nutrient Balance in Dracaena deremensis Potted Plants. Agronomy. 2021; 11 (1):127.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pedro García-Caparrós; Cristina Velasquez Espino; María Teresa Lao. 2021. "Effects of Leachate Fertigation and the Addition of Hydrogen Peroxide on Growth and Nutrient Balance in Dracaena deremensis Potted Plants." Agronomy 11, no. 1: 127.

Journal article
Published: 03 December 2020 in Agronomy
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The disposal of municipal solid waste (MSW) in landfills might result in serious environmental pollution. The goal of the present assay was to assess if MSW wastewater (pure or treated) can be used as a potential source for fertilizers, studying its effects on plant biometric parameters as well as on anion concentrations and anion partitioning of the bedding plant Viola × wittrockiana Gams. (pansy), to detect possible harmful impacts on plants. The treatments tested were: W9.0 (pure wastewater, EC 9.0 dS m−1), W4.5 (diluted wastewater, EC 4.5 dS m−1), DW4.5 (depurated wastewater, EC 4.5 dS m−1), PW4.5 (phytodepurated wastewater, EC 4.5 dS m−1), and T (tap water, the control, EC 1.5 dS m−1). The treatment with pure wastewater negatively affected plant fresh weight, water content (on a fresh weight basis), leaf area, plant height and width, and the number of leaves and flowers due to an accumulation of SO42− in plant tissues. Phytodepurated wastewater improved plant fresh weight, water content, plant height and width, the number of leaves and flowers, and reduced the leaf area because this treatment decreased SO42− concentrations in wastewater by half. Pansy plants also showed high levels of nutrients (N, P, and Mg) when compared with fertigation with pure and diluted landfill leachate. These results show that phytodepurated wastewater from MSW can be used for the fertigation of pansy plants.

ACS Style

Blanca María Plaza; Rita Maggini; Eva Borghesi; Alberto Pardossi; María Teresa Lao; Silvia Jiménez-Becker. Nutrient Extraction in Pansy Fertigated with Pure, Diluted, Depurated and Phytodepurated Leachates from Municipal Solid Waste. Agronomy 2020, 10, 1911 .

AMA Style

Blanca María Plaza, Rita Maggini, Eva Borghesi, Alberto Pardossi, María Teresa Lao, Silvia Jiménez-Becker. Nutrient Extraction in Pansy Fertigated with Pure, Diluted, Depurated and Phytodepurated Leachates from Municipal Solid Waste. Agronomy. 2020; 10 (12):1911.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Blanca María Plaza; Rita Maggini; Eva Borghesi; Alberto Pardossi; María Teresa Lao; Silvia Jiménez-Becker. 2020. "Nutrient Extraction in Pansy Fertigated with Pure, Diluted, Depurated and Phytodepurated Leachates from Municipal Solid Waste." Agronomy 10, no. 12: 1911.

Review
Published: 01 December 2020 in The Botanical Review
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Reactive oxygen species (ROS) originate as a natural byproduct in standard metabolism of oxygen activities. The principal sites of ROS generation in the cell are apoplast, mitochondria, chloroplasts, and peroxisomes. These ROS can induce cellular injuries by proteins oxidation, lipid peroxidation, and DNA damage, which finally may result in plant cellular death. Under regular circumstances, there is a steadiness between generation and elimination of ROS, but this balance is hampered by different biotic and abiotic stress factors such as exposure to heavy metals, high and low-light conditions, pathogens, insects and temperature extremes, resulting in a high generation of ROS which should be counteracted by the antioxidant machinery in cells. The antioxidant system of defense is composed by two groups: (i) Enzymatic antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), general peroxidases (PRX) (e.g. guaiacol peroxidase GPX), glutathione reductase (GR), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), and dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR); (ii) Non-enzymatic antioxidants such as ascorbic acid (AA), reduced glutathione (GSH), α-tocopherol, carotenoids, plastoquinone/ubiquinone and flavonoids. These two groups of metabolites and enzymes work together with the main aim of ROS scavenging, but also in determining plant signaling, immune response, and plant growth and development. Finally, the molecular genetics of ROS genes and related metabolic pathways are briefly outlined, including gene isoforms, cellular localization, detection methods used and interactions amongst them. This information is crucial in better understanding and designing procedures for plants´stress tolerance; leading to a better management of agricultural plants under challenging and changing climatic conditions and food security.

ACS Style

Pedro García-Caparrós; Luigi De Filippis; Alvina Gul; Mirza Hasanuzzaman; Munir Ozturk; Volkan Altay; María Teresa Lao. Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Metabolism under Adverse Environmental Conditions: a Review. The Botanical Review 2020, 1 -46.

AMA Style

Pedro García-Caparrós, Luigi De Filippis, Alvina Gul, Mirza Hasanuzzaman, Munir Ozturk, Volkan Altay, María Teresa Lao. Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Metabolism under Adverse Environmental Conditions: a Review. The Botanical Review. 2020; ():1-46.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pedro García-Caparrós; Luigi De Filippis; Alvina Gul; Mirza Hasanuzzaman; Munir Ozturk; Volkan Altay; María Teresa Lao. 2020. "Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Metabolism under Adverse Environmental Conditions: a Review." The Botanical Review , no. : 1-46.

Reference work
Published: 19 September 2020 in Handbook of Halophytes
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The presence of saline soils is widely extended at worldwide level. Plants grown under saline conditions suffer an osmotic and ionic effect at cellular level resulting in yield decrease. These effects are exacerbated especially in ornamental plants due to the salt sensitivity and the loss of aesthetic value due to the presence of visual damages associated to Na and Cl, resulting in losses of incomes for the growers. On the other hand, anthropogenic activities have reduced the environmental diversity; therefore the restoration and creation of new green areas are crucial. Moreover, the increase of salinity has resulted in a decline of the use of native plants in urban and peri-urban environments. Halophytes comprise several botanical families (123), and they are distributed in a broad range of environments, from arid regions to coastal marshes. Under these circumstances and considering the high degree of adaptability among halophytes to survive in different habitats, the use of halophytes with attractiveness, floral color, or fragrance can be an environmental and sustainable choice for the restoration of urban and degraded areas.

ACS Style

Pedro García-Caparrós; Alfonso Llanderal; María Teresa Lao. Halophytes as an Option for the Restoration of Degraded Areas and Landscaping. Handbook of Halophytes 2020, 1 -16.

AMA Style

Pedro García-Caparrós, Alfonso Llanderal, María Teresa Lao. Halophytes as an Option for the Restoration of Degraded Areas and Landscaping. Handbook of Halophytes. 2020; ():1-16.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pedro García-Caparrós; Alfonso Llanderal; María Teresa Lao. 2020. "Halophytes as an Option for the Restoration of Degraded Areas and Landscaping." Handbook of Halophytes , no. : 1-16.

Journal article
Published: 01 July 2020 in Agronomy
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Tomato and cucumber seedlings were grown in a growth chamber to evaluate the effects of different cycles of light–dark exposure conditions (T0 (control treatment) (1 cycle of 24 h distributed in 18 h of light exposure and six hours of dark), T1 (two cycles of 12 h distributed in nine hours of light exposure and three hours of dark) and T2 (three cycles of eight hours distributed in six hours of light exposure and two hours of dark) on growth, nutrient status, pigment concentration and physiological changes. Total dry weight showed different behaviors in both species, since in tomato the total dry weight remained unchanged under varying light–dark cycles, whereas in cucumber seedlings there was a clear decrease compared to the control treatment. In both species, plants grown under T2 showed the best water content. Nitrogen, P and K content—as well as partitioning in the different organs of the plants—displayed different patterns under varying cycles of light–dark conditions in both species. Chlorophyll (b and a + b) concentration decreased significantly in both species in T1 and T2 compared to the control treatment (T0). At physiological level, the concentration of total soluble sugars and proline in leaf showed the highest value in the control treatment with 18 h of light and six hours of dark.

ACS Style

Pedro García-Caparrós; Francisco Sabio; Francisco Javier Barbero; Rosa María Chica; María Teresa Lao. Physiological Responses of Tomato and Cucumber Seedlings under Different Light–Dark Cycles. Agronomy 2020, 10, 945 .

AMA Style

Pedro García-Caparrós, Francisco Sabio, Francisco Javier Barbero, Rosa María Chica, María Teresa Lao. Physiological Responses of Tomato and Cucumber Seedlings under Different Light–Dark Cycles. Agronomy. 2020; 10 (7):945.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pedro García-Caparrós; Francisco Sabio; Francisco Javier Barbero; Rosa María Chica; María Teresa Lao. 2020. "Physiological Responses of Tomato and Cucumber Seedlings under Different Light–Dark Cycles." Agronomy 10, no. 7: 945.

Journal article
Published: 16 February 2020 in Agronomy
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Inch (Tradescantia zebrina) and spider (Chlorophytum comosum) plants were grown in a growth chamber for two months in plastic containers to evaluate the effects of different light treatments (TO Tube luminescent Dunn (TLD) lamps or control), TB (TLD lamps + blue light emitting diodes (LEDs)), TR (TLD lamps + red LEDs), and TBR (TLD lamps + blue and red LEDs) on biomass, photosynthesis, and physiological parameters. Total dry weight and water content were evaluated at the end of the experimental period. After two months, pigment concentrations and the photosynthetic rate were assessed in both species. The total soluble sugar, starch, and proline concentrations in the leaf as physiological parameters were studied at the end of the experiment. Both species had increased root, shoot, and total dry weight under blue LEDs conditions. The chlorophyll concentration showed a specific response in each species under monochromic or mixed red-blue LEDs. The highest photosynthetic rate was measured under the addition of mixed red-blue LEDs with TLD lamps. At the physiological level, each species triggered different responses with respect to total soluble sugars and the proline concentration in leaves under monochromic or mixed red-blue LEDs. Our study demonstrated that the addition of blue LEDs is advisable for the production of these ornamental foliage species.

ACS Style

Pedro García-Caparrós; Gabriela Martínez-Ramírez; Eva María Almansa; Francisco Javier Barbero; Rosa María Chica; María Teresa Lao. Growth, Photosynthesis, and Physiological Responses of Ornamental Plants to Complementation with Monochromic or Mixed Red-Blue LEDs for Use in Indoor Environments. Agronomy 2020, 10, 284 .

AMA Style

Pedro García-Caparrós, Gabriela Martínez-Ramírez, Eva María Almansa, Francisco Javier Barbero, Rosa María Chica, María Teresa Lao. Growth, Photosynthesis, and Physiological Responses of Ornamental Plants to Complementation with Monochromic or Mixed Red-Blue LEDs for Use in Indoor Environments. Agronomy. 2020; 10 (2):284.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pedro García-Caparrós; Gabriela Martínez-Ramírez; Eva María Almansa; Francisco Javier Barbero; Rosa María Chica; María Teresa Lao. 2020. "Growth, Photosynthesis, and Physiological Responses of Ornamental Plants to Complementation with Monochromic or Mixed Red-Blue LEDs for Use in Indoor Environments." Agronomy 10, no. 2: 284.

Journal article
Published: 04 February 2020 in Sustainability
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A sub-irrigated planter (SIP) is a container irrigation technique in which water is supplied to the crop from the bottom, stored in a saturated media-filled reservoir beneath an unsaturated soil, and then delivered by capillary action to the root zone. The aim of this study was to optimize the water management and to assess the performance of this technique in terms of water use efficiency, soil moisture, and solute distribution in comparison with surface irrigation in a Mediterranean greenhouse. The experiment consisted of four SIP treatments, with a constant water level in the bottom reservoir in order to evaluate the effect of two different irrigation salinities (1.2 and 2.2 dS m−1) and two depths of substrate profiles (25 and 15 cm). The results showed that SIP is capable of significantly improving both water-use efficiency and plant productivity compared with surface irrigation. Also, a 24% average reduction in water consumption was observed while using SIP. Moreover, SIPs with a higher depth were recommended as the optimum treatments within SIPs. The type of irrigation method affected the salinity distribution in the substrate profile; the highest salinity levels were registered at the top layers in SIPs, whereas the maximum salinity levels for the surface treatments were observed at the bottom layers. SIPs provide a practical solution for the irrigation of plants in areas facing water quality and scarcity problems.

ACS Style

Marjan Vahabi Mashhor; Mahmoud Mashal; Seyyed Ebrahim Hashemi Garmdareh; Juan Reca; Maria Teresa Lao; Maryam Veravipour; Hamed Ebrahimian. Growth, Yield, and Water Productivity Responses of Pepper to Sub-Irrigated Planter Systems in a Greenhouse. Sustainability 2020, 12, 1100 .

AMA Style

Marjan Vahabi Mashhor, Mahmoud Mashal, Seyyed Ebrahim Hashemi Garmdareh, Juan Reca, Maria Teresa Lao, Maryam Veravipour, Hamed Ebrahimian. Growth, Yield, and Water Productivity Responses of Pepper to Sub-Irrigated Planter Systems in a Greenhouse. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (3):1100.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marjan Vahabi Mashhor; Mahmoud Mashal; Seyyed Ebrahim Hashemi Garmdareh; Juan Reca; Maria Teresa Lao; Maryam Veravipour; Hamed Ebrahimian. 2020. "Growth, Yield, and Water Productivity Responses of Pepper to Sub-Irrigated Planter Systems in a Greenhouse." Sustainability 12, no. 3: 1100.

Journal article
Published: 29 January 2020 in Agronomy
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The aim of this work is to evaluate the relationship between the nutrient concentration in petiole sap and different agronomic and climatic variables for a tomato crop grown in a greenhouse in Mediterranean conditions. In addition, the persistence of the nutrient concentration in petiole sap was investigated with the aim of determining the sampling period that implies the best trade-off nutritional information. The experiment consisted of the selection of 20 sampling points inside the greenhouse. The samples of petiole, fully expanded leaf, and soil solution samples were collected weekly from 86 to 163 days after transplanting. Chloride, NO3−-N, H2PO4−-P, Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ concentrations were determined in petiole sap and soil solution obtained by suction cups. Nitrogen, P, K, Cl, and Na concentrations were also determined in leaf. Finally, the petiole sap nutritional diagnosis method is the highest sensitive nutritional diagnosis method which compares soil solution and nutrient leaf content related to yield, and the statistical analysis performed in this research demonstrates that crop evapotranspiration (ETc), vapor pressure deficit (DPV), and leaf area index (LAI) are considered the most significant variables that allow the development of these empirical prediction models regarding nutrient concentration in petiole sap.

ACS Style

Alfonso Llanderal; Pedro García-Caparrós; José Pérez-Alonso; Juana Isabel Contreras; María Luz Segura; Juan Reca; María Teresa Lao. Approach to Petiole Sap Nutritional Diagnosis Method by Empirical Model Based on Climatic and Growth Parameters. Agronomy 2020, 10, 188 .

AMA Style

Alfonso Llanderal, Pedro García-Caparrós, José Pérez-Alonso, Juana Isabel Contreras, María Luz Segura, Juan Reca, María Teresa Lao. Approach to Petiole Sap Nutritional Diagnosis Method by Empirical Model Based on Climatic and Growth Parameters. Agronomy. 2020; 10 (2):188.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alfonso Llanderal; Pedro García-Caparrós; José Pérez-Alonso; Juana Isabel Contreras; María Luz Segura; Juan Reca; María Teresa Lao. 2020. "Approach to Petiole Sap Nutritional Diagnosis Method by Empirical Model Based on Climatic and Growth Parameters." Agronomy 10, no. 2: 188.

Journal article
Published: 15 January 2020 in Agronomy
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We evaluated two osmotic adjustment substances (glycine betaine (GB) and glycine (G) and a combination of both glycine + glycine betaine (G + GB) using two modes of application; irrigation and foliar sprays with Dracaena sanderiana plants. The plants were grown in containers and subjected to two levels of NaCl concentrations (2.0 and 7.5 dS m−1) over 8 weeks. Growth, pigment concentrations, and physiological parameters were assessed at the end of the trial. The foliar application of GB resulted in most optimal plant growth and biomass production in the presence of NaCl. The chlorophyll and carotenoid concentrations showed different trends depending on the osmotic adjustment substance applied and the mode of application. Stomatal density and dimensions varied considerably with respect to the osmotic adjustment substance supplied. The concentration of soluble sugars in leaves did not show a clear trend under the different treatments assessed. The exogenous application of G resulted in the highest concentration of free proline and proteins in leaves. The antioxidant capacity in leaves increased with both osmotic adjustment substances, and both means of application, under low and high saline conditions. We concluded that the foliar application of GB can be recommended in order to achieve cost-effective growth of D. sanderiana under saline conditions.

ACS Style

Pedro García-Caparrós; Alfonso Llanderal; Elodie Hegarat; María Jiménez-Lao; María Teresa Lao. Effects of Exogenous Application of Osmotic Adjustment Substances on Growth, Pigment Concentration, and Physiological Parameters of Dracaena sanderiana Sander under Different Levels of Salinity. Agronomy 2020, 10, 125 .

AMA Style

Pedro García-Caparrós, Alfonso Llanderal, Elodie Hegarat, María Jiménez-Lao, María Teresa Lao. Effects of Exogenous Application of Osmotic Adjustment Substances on Growth, Pigment Concentration, and Physiological Parameters of Dracaena sanderiana Sander under Different Levels of Salinity. Agronomy. 2020; 10 (1):125.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pedro García-Caparrós; Alfonso Llanderal; Elodie Hegarat; María Jiménez-Lao; María Teresa Lao. 2020. "Effects of Exogenous Application of Osmotic Adjustment Substances on Growth, Pigment Concentration, and Physiological Parameters of Dracaena sanderiana Sander under Different Levels of Salinity." Agronomy 10, no. 1: 125.

Journal article
Published: 15 January 2020 in Agronomy
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The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of different light treatments on biomass, nutrient concentrations and physiological parameters of Fittonia verschaffeltii (Lem) Van Houtte. The aim was to establish a methodology to evaluate the effect of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) emitted by lamps on biomass. The light treatments used were tube luminescent Dunn (TL-D), tube luminescent Dunn + light emitting diodes (LEDs) and Tube luminescent 5 (TL-5). At the end of the experimental period, biomass, nutritional, biochemical, and physiological parameters were assessed. A clear reduction in total plant dry weight under TL-D + LEDs at the end of the experiment was recorded. With respect to nutrient concentration in the different organs assessed, there was no clear response under the different light treatments. The growth under TL-D lamps resulted in the highest concentration of total soluble sugars and starch in leaves, whereas the highest value of indole 3-acetic acid concentration was under TL-5 lamps. Plants grown under TL-D + LEDs showed the lowest values of chlorophyll a, b and a + b. The relationship proposed between integrated use of spectral energy (IUSE) and total dry weight (TDW) showed a good correlation with an R2 value of 0.86, therefore we recommend this methodology to discern the effects of the different spectral qualities on plant biomass.

ACS Style

Pedro García-Caparros; Eva María Almansa; Francisco Javier Barbero; Rosa María Chica; María Teresa Lao. Fittonia verschaffeltii Response to Artificial Light Treatments: BIOMASS, Nutrient Concentrations and Physiological Changes. Agronomy 2020, 10, 126 .

AMA Style

Pedro García-Caparros, Eva María Almansa, Francisco Javier Barbero, Rosa María Chica, María Teresa Lao. Fittonia verschaffeltii Response to Artificial Light Treatments: BIOMASS, Nutrient Concentrations and Physiological Changes. Agronomy. 2020; 10 (1):126.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pedro García-Caparros; Eva María Almansa; Francisco Javier Barbero; Rosa María Chica; María Teresa Lao. 2020. "Fittonia verschaffeltii Response to Artificial Light Treatments: BIOMASS, Nutrient Concentrations and Physiological Changes." Agronomy 10, no. 1: 126.

Journal article
Published: 10 December 2019 in Applied Energy
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Standalone direct pumping PV irrigation systems are a special type of PV system in which water is not lifted to a tank but, instead, is pumped to the irrigation system to satisfy the crop water needs. The operation of these PV irrigation systems requires efficient new operation rules in order to maximize the energy use efficiency as the PV energy must be used instantaneously. In this work, we introduce a new multisector approach based on the simultaneous operation of several irrigation sectors according to the incoming energy. An innovative analytical model was implemented in order to optimize the operation of a multisector PV irrigation system. The proposed model was evaluated by applying it to a case study. The results of said study showed that simultaneous operation reduced the cost of the PV plant since it required a lower number of PV modules (lower Peak power) and it also outperformed the individual operation scenario in terms of energy use efficiency as 18.4% of the potential PV energy was effectively delivered to the irrigation sectors (only 15.4% for individual operation). The design of the irrigation system was also affected by the adopted operation strategy. Lower nominal flowrate of the emitters and higher irrigation time per sector were preferable in simultaneous operation than in the case of individual operation.

ACS Style

V. Zavala; R. López-Luque; J. Reca; J. Martínez; M.T. Lao. Optimal management of a multisector standalone direct pumping photovoltaic irrigation system. Applied Energy 2019, 260, 114261 .

AMA Style

V. Zavala, R. López-Luque, J. Reca, J. Martínez, M.T. Lao. Optimal management of a multisector standalone direct pumping photovoltaic irrigation system. Applied Energy. 2019; 260 ():114261.

Chicago/Turabian Style

V. Zavala; R. López-Luque; J. Reca; J. Martínez; M.T. Lao. 2019. "Optimal management of a multisector standalone direct pumping photovoltaic irrigation system." Applied Energy 260, no. : 114261.