We report on a clinical case of capecitabine-induced acute ileitis in a patient treated with pre-operative concurrent chemoradiation with capecitabine for locally advanced rectal cancer and provide a comprehensive literature review. This a rare, but life-threatening, clinical situation, that clinicians should be aware of. Severe persistent diarrhea is the most frequent clinical feature and computed tomography is a valid tool for diagnosis. Conservative management includes capecitabine withdrawal, antidiarrheal therapy and endovenous hydration, together with dietary modifications and broad-spectrum antibiotics. Pelvic irradiation represents an adjunctive risk factor, which may increase the likelihood of occurrence of terminal ileitis. Early recognition and prompt intervention are crucial for successful clinical management.

Introduction: Vacuum-assisted breast biopsy (VABB) has been evaluated as a minimally invasive, safe, and accurate procedure with low complication risks; the most frequent one is the mild/moderate hematoma, which occurs with a low-frequency rate, and the majority of patients who experienced it can be treated successfully with only manual compression and dressing. Although cases of uncontrollable catastrophic bleeding are exceedingly rare, local breast vessel involvement is a concrete risk, even in patients with no bleeding propensity. Case Presentation: In this article, we aimed to describe a 60 years-old woman who, following VABB, experienced a massive hematoma without external bleeding and was successfully treated with embolization. The woman was called back for a cluster of suspicious microcalcifications identified in the left breast’s upper-outer quadrant; however, following histopathological analysis, the few samples collected were negative. She had a silent past medical history, 100% performance status, and no active pharmacotherapy. Approximately 15–30 min after VABB, the patient complained of weakness, pain, and lipothymia. A physical examination revealed a massive hematoma without external bleeding. Clinical data reported PaO 65/40 mmHg and blood chemistry Hb < 10 g/dL. The emergency team was alerted to stabilize the patient, and after that, the breast hemorrhage was controlled by endovascular embolization. Despite this being a rare occurrence, it is important to draw up and follow an appropriate protocol to ensure proper patient management and early treatment. Discussion: This case illustrates the prompt and accurate management of a rare complication following VABB. Due to the very high number of patients undergoing this particular procedure, we aim to point out the concrete risk of vascular injury; other similar cases are described to support our thesis and provide different clinical manifestations of this rare occurrence.

Purpose: To evaluate the frequency of mammary nodules as incidental findings on chest CT scans and to determine a correlation between semiological features and mammographic and histopathological outcomes. Methods: A total of 42,864 chest CT scans performed on patients with breast-unrelated working diagnoses by the Radiology Department at AOU Maggiore della Carità, between 1st January 2016 and 30th April 2022, were analysed. Sixty-eight patients (3 males and 65 females) with mammary nodule CT detection were selected and subjected to mammography, mammary ultrasound and, eventually, biopsy. Results: Thirty-five of the 68 patients received a histopathological confirmation of malignancy. According to Pearson’s Chi-square test, the CT features most likely associated with BI-RADS 5 following mammography were post-contrast enhancement (p = 0.001), margin irregularity (p = 0.0001), nipple retraction (p = 0.001), skin thickening (p = 0.024), and the presence of structurally atypical lymph nodes suspicious for metastatic involvement (p = 0.0001). The CT features predictive of a biopsy positive for malignancy were post-contrast enhancement (p = 0.0001), margin irregularity (p = 0.0001), and the presence of suspicious lymph nodes (p = 0.011). Finally, 63.4% of patients with a working diagnosis related to cancer were diagnosed with breast cancer. Conclusion: Chest CT incidental findings of mammary nodules had a 0.21% incidence rate. The accurate description of some CT scan features, such as post-contrast enhancement, margin irregularity, nipple retraction, skin thickening and the presence of structurally atypical lymph nodes, may help to establish a radiological suspicion of malignancy, especially if these characteristics are supported by a working diagnosis of cancer.

Brain health may be threatened by aneurysm ruptures, and early recognition of these vascular malformations allows for neuroradiological intervention. Neurointerventional procedures are usually performed with femoral artery access. In patients with severe anatomical complexity of the supra-aortic vessels, however, treatment by this approach could be hindered or impossible. Flow-diverter stent deployment is an effective and safe treatment for large, wide necked intracranial aneurysms, but it requires a complete and firm stability of the coaxial system to achieve a correct and precise deployment of the device. We present the first reported Italian case of a patient with an intracranial aneurysm which was treated with Flow-diverter stent (DERIVO^®; AcandisGmbH & Co. KG; Pforzheim; Germany) by direct common carotid artery puncture due to severe tortuosity of supra-aortic trunks.

Background: CT-based radiomics may provide non-invasive imaging biomarkers for renal-tumor characterization and risk stratification. This systematic review evaluates the clinical evidence and translational readiness of radiomics in renal oncology and reports an exploratory methodological appraisal of a clearly delimited subgroup. Methods: PubMed/MEDLINE and Embase were searched from database inception through 15 August 2026 using controlled vocabulary and free-text terms for renal tumors, computed tomography, and radiomics or quantitative image analysis. Eligibility was restricted to English-language original studies published from 1 January 2020 to 15 August 2026 that were available in full text. Engineered-feature radiomics constituted the primary evidence base; end-to-end deep-learning studies were considered separately. Owing to clinical and methodological heterogeneity, findings were synthesized narratively. Results: The searches retrieved 1521 records (PubMed/MEDLINE, n = 357; Embase, n = 1164). The PubMed/MEDLINE stream yielded 242 unique records after removal of 115 duplicates; 72 full-text reports were assessed and included. Cross-deduplication and screening of the Embase records identified no additional eligible study. Contemporary evidence supports potential applications in benign–malignant differentiation, histological subtype classification, WHO/ISUP grade and pathological-stage prediction, and postoperative outcome assessment. Reported discrimination was frequently high, but performance estimates were not directly comparable and often declined in independent testing. Within the illustrative, non-representative 28-report detailed appraisal subset, 25 engineered-radiomics studies had an available numerical RQS (median, 16; interquartile range, 15–20; range, 12–24; 44.4% of the maximum). Conclusions: CT radiomics is technically promising but not yet ready for routine clinical use. Quality-related findings apply only to the assessed subgroup and cannot characterize the entire evidence base. Standardized acquisition and feature definitions, transparent analysis, clinically relevant comparators, prospective multicenter validation, formal risk-of-bias assessment in future reviews, and impact studies are needed.