O setor elétrico brasileiro vem sofrendo sucessivas revisões e reformas nos últimos 30 anos. Ainda que, no discurso, essas reformas sempre visem ao melhor e mais universal atendimento às necessidades da sociedade, na prática, esse resultado nem sempre esteve em primeiro plano. E mesmo sendo um critério prioritário de planejamento, a garantia da segurança do abastecimento foi alterada ao longo dessa sucessão de mudanças no modelo setorial de gestão. Atualmente, em um cenário de planejamento da expansão e da operação de alta complexidade, esse critério ostenta o caráter de particularidade brasileira frente ao cenário internacional, pairando sobre a sociedade uma persistente ameaça de “crise” do serviço de energia elétrica. Nesse contexto, este artigo elabora uma reconstituição histórica do processo de planejamento do setor elétrico em termos da importância da segurança do abastecimento.

El artículo analiza el proceso de reforma liberal del sector petrolero brasileño y la disputa por la renta generada. Ese mismo proceso de reestructuración de la producción y uso de mecanismos del mercado petrolero facilitó la apropiación de la renta de este sector a través de la ruptura del monopolio de la empresa estatal, aplicándose el modelo de concesiones, situación que ha incidido en el intento de reformar la legislación del sector petrolero a partir de proyectos de Ley enviados al Congreso de Brasil, en los que se pretende la creación de una nueva empresa, la Petrosal, de un Fondo Social y la aplicación de un régimen de producción compartida que permita la participación de las empresas extranjeras y de empresas privadas “nacionales”.

Residual rights are the right to choose asset uses not specified in the contract. They are essential in situations of uncertainty. The current energy transition presents a greater variety of assets. Moreover, it is impossible to anticipate all relevant states that the assets and the environment can embody, making it impossible to optimize them contractually. Furthermore, there is consensus that the transition must occur quickly, which means high levels of investment in new specific assets. How should we distribute property rights to maximize social benefits in a context with specific and dispersed assets? Because of the complementarity between network and distributed resources, this article questions the premise that deverticalization is invariably beneficial to consumers and argues for the need to revise the concept of network and develop the regulatory implications of such a reconceptualization. We defend the need to evaluate alternative network concepts considering the technological repertoire available to operationalize them. When considering the technological repertoire available today, characterized by the competitiveness of information and communications technology (ICT) and distributed resources, we should recognize the inherently incomplete nature of the contracts signed between network operators and users.

Utilities, policymakers, regulators, free market, and prosumers share a common interest in understanding whether benefits associated with such increased of DERs outweigh costs. To dimension and qualify B/C relationship, there are intrinsic variables relative to DERs' technical-economic arrangement and standard mechanisms used for its compensation: NEM, feed-in policies, etc. Other side, DERs must be adjusted on established regulatory framework, tariff schemes and utility revenue models. In this article, these three ambits are analyzed including a Brazilian southeastern region user's case study connected to MV network with DG measured data. Thus, some guidelines are pointed for the comprehensive implementation of DERs from the perspective of those involved.