It has been shown that there exist conditions under which thermosensitive copolymers of N-vinylpyrrolidone with methyl acrylate form hydrophobic–hydrophilic associations, which are unstable dynamic meshes, the bonds in which are continuously broken and created again, and the nature of the formation of such meshes depends significantly on the proportion of the hydrophobic component in the copolymer. It is shown that the interaction of the above copolymers with polyacrylic acid results in the formation of not only classical interpolymer complexes, but also hydrophilic interpolymer associates, which also represent unstable networks existing in a dynamic mode. In such meshes, the molecules of the above copolymers serve as a kind of cross-agent connecting the polyacid molecules. There are also conditions under which such meshes acquire a complex structure, since unstable bonds between macromolecular tangles of both the same and different types take part in their formation. It is shown that the transition from the formation of interpolymer complexes to the formation of hydrophilic interpolymer associates can occur, among other things, due to changes in the acidity or concentration of low-molecular salt in solution.

A scheme for the Fourier–Galois spectrum analyzer for the field GF(31) is proposed. It is shown that this analyzer allows for solving a wide enough range of problems related to image processing, in particular those arising in the course of experimental studies in the field of physical chemistry. Such images allow digital processing when divided into a relatively small number of pixels, which creates an opportunity to use Galois fields of relatively small size. The choice of field GF(31) is due to the fact that the number 31 is a Mersenne prime number, which considerably simplifies the algorithm of calculating the Fourier–Galois transform in this field. The proposed scheme of the spectrum analyzer is focused on the use of threshold sensors, at the output of which signals corresponding to binary logic are formed. Due to this fact, further simplification of the proposed analyzer scheme is achieved. The constructiveness of the proposed approach is proven using digital modeling of electronic circuits. It is concluded that when solving applied problems in which an image can be divided into a relatively small number of pixels, it is important to take into account the specificity of particular Galois fields used for their digital processing.

It is shown that the predicted energy crisis in Kazakhstan makes the issue of small-scale energy and complementary civil society institutions more than relevant. This crisis, caused by the deterioration of heating networks built during the former USSR, can be more than large-scale, as evidenced...