The brain's ability to adapt in response to stimuli is called neuroplasticity. Objective: This study investigates neuroplasticity in autistic individuals, focusing on neurobiological aspects, clinical correlations, and therapeutic interventions. Methods: This systematic review, registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews—PROSPERO (ID: CRD42024522425) and guided by Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses—PRISMA (2020) criteria, searched databases like Web of Science, Scopus, United States National Library of Medicine/ Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (PubMed/Medline), Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS), and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) for original articles published in 2018–2023. Results: Of the 2,316 studies found, 11 were selected, involving 1,943 autistic individuals, both children and adults. Most studies were classified as high/moderate quality using the Newcastle-Ottawa and Jadad scales. Observations included variations in SHANK2 gene expression, lower concentrations of α-synuclein, higher β-synuclein in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), correlations between NCAM1 expression and motor skills, and higher brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) concentration compared to non-autistic children. Conclusions: Alterations in SHANK2, α-synuclein, β-synuclein, NCAM1, and BDNF in ASD suggest biomarkers and therapeutic targets for more effective interventions, improving care for autistic individuals.

Accidents in childhood have a high morbidity and mortality rate and are often preventable, which reinforces the importance of educational measures to prevent unintentional injuries. This study aimed to identify and describe useful educational strategies for preventing childhood accidents in communities. This systematic review was guided by PRISMA (2020) and registered on the PROSPERO platform (ID: CRD42024500956). A search strategy was developed by combining the descriptors “Accident Prevention”, “Child”, and “Health Education” with the Boolean operator AND, applied to the PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, LILACS, and SciELO databases. A total of 5,037 studies were located, including observational articles published from 2018 to 2023, with children aged 0-12 years and/or their parents/caregivers. The quality of the studies was assessed based on the Qualitative Studies Checklist and the Research Triangle Institute Item Bank instruments. The bibliographic sample consisted of 30 articles, mostly classified as high quality, with a population of 4,510 adults and 54,190 children from various countries. Educational strategies for accident prevention were described, aimed at parents and guardians, children, and both. This review, addressing innovative educational strategies for preventing childhood accidents, highlights playful approaches for children and visual methods for caregivers. Implementation faces challenges related to evaluation and socioeconomic factors, making rigorous criteria and prolonged follow-ups important for continuous effectiveness.

O registro de revisões sistemáticas e protocolos de pesquisa é uma recomendação para a transparência e a qualidade da pesquisa científica. Objetiva-se descrever acerca do registro de revisões sistemáticas, incluindo plataformas nas quais esse registro pode ser feito. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo sobre aspectos metodológicos relativos ao registro de revisões sistemáticas. Apresenta-se uma síntese sobre plataformas de registro de revisões sistemáticas - Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews; International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews e Open Science Framework - bem como sobre a possibilidade de registro de protocolos de pesquisa. Esses processos visam a pesquisa baseada em evidências, evitar a duplicidade de estudos, adequar métodos de revisão e diminuir vieses, bem como da forma de utilizar essas ferramentas, assim permitem uma melhor análise de informações e tomada de decisões em saúde.

Colchicine is an alkaloid traditionally used to treat inflammatory conditions such as gout and familial Mediterranean fever. Currently, there are proposals for the use of this drug in several other situations, such as cardiovascular and liver diseases and diabetes. In this study, the current literature on the potential of colchicine in the treatment of obesity and metabolic syndrome (MS) was evaluated. The inhibitory action of the NLRP3 inflammasome and other processes, such as reductions in the migration and activation of immune system cells, are effects observed in both in vitro studies and animal models related to colchicine, as well as the promotion of mechanisms of the intensification of lipid metabolism, the reduction of tissue fibrosis, and the reduction of serum glucose and triglycerides. These factors are associated with changes in the prognoses of patients with MS, which, together with obesity, has a high association with inflammatory mechanisms for its maintenance and secondary impairments to homeostasis. In humans, clinical research has rarely addressed the use of colchicine in obesity and MS, with only one pilot randomized clinical trial having been conducted, which identified a beneficial anti-inflammatory effect on endothelial function and the process of insulin resistance in this population. However, it is not yet possible to extrapolate its findings and apply its results to a broader context. Given the potential of this “ancient drug” in various pathological contexts and its good tolerability, it is important that its properties continue to be investigated and that more clinical studies be conducted to expand the therapeutic applications of this low-cost substance in patients with obesity and MS.

Objetivo: Objetivou-se descrever como fatores relacionados à ocupação profissional de mulheres impactam no desenvolvimento de depressão pós-parto.

BACKGROUND: People with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) experience phases of life beyond childhood, which increase the difficulties inherent in each cycle. In contrast, the scientific literature lacks broad reviews of developmental strategies regarding quality of life, even though ASD encompasses changes in social, communicative, and behavioral skills.