Background/Objectives: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, pathologically defined by the accumulation of amyloid-β plaques and tau-related neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. It represents a principal driver of cognitive deterioration in middle-aged and elderly populations. Early diagnosis and pharmacological management of the disease markedly improve both the quality and duration of life. Methods: Electroencephalography (EEG) is critical in detecting and analyzing Alzheimer’s disease. The widespread use of mobile EEG devices in recent years has necessitated real-time and effective data processing. However, extracting disease-specific features from EEG data still poses a significant challenge, especially in cases that must be completed quickly. This study aims to determine the frequency bands associated with Alzheimer’s disease in EEG data obtained from multiple channels and to accelerate the detection methods. An accurate classification that requires little computation is the primary goal. Results: EEG recordings of 48 individuals (24 AD and 24 healthy controls (HC)) obtained from Florida State University were divided into Alpha, Beta, Delta, Gamma, and Theta frequency bands; scalograms and spectrograms were generated for each frequency band. The effectiveness of these bands was evaluated using the MobileNetV2 architecture. The results showed that Delta and Beta frequency bands were the most significant for Alzheimer’s detection. By analyzing the features obtained from the Delta and Beta bands using the MobileNetV2 model integrated with the Dual-Attention Mechanism, it was determined that the attention mechanisms improved model performance by 2%. In addition, the use of an SVM classifier with hyperparameters optimized via Optuna resulted in approximately 3% performance improvement, suggesting that hyperparameter tuning may contribute positively to classification accuracy. Furthermore, combining features obtained from these frequency bands increased the detection performance when evaluated with larger datasets. Conclusions: The study demonstrates the potential of frequency band-based analyses and feature fusion methods to increase the accuracy and efficiency of Alzheimer’s diagnosis using EEG data. The results are promising; however, they should be interpreted with caution regarding their generalizability.

Kanda yer alan kan hücrelerinin mikroskobik incelenmesi zaman alıcı, pahalı ve hataya açık bir iştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, kan hücresi görüntülerini kullanarak kan hücresi tiplerinin sınıflandırılması için YOLO mimarisini kullanan otomatik bir sistem geliştirmektir. Çalışmada kullanılan BCDD veri seti, 364 kan hücresi görüntüsü ve 4888 etiketli görüntüden oluşmaktadır. Açık kaynaklı BCCD veri seti, kırmızı kan hücrelerini (RBC'ler), beyaz kan hücrelerini (WBC'ler) ve trombositleri içerir. Geliştirilen senaryoda YOLOv9 mimarisi, farklı optimizasyon algoritmaları, öğrenme oranları kullanılarak hiperparametrelerin tanımlama sürecindeki etkisi gözlemlendi. Tanımlama sonuçlarını karşılaştırırken en iyi sonuca, 0,001 öğrenme oranıyla ADAMW optimizasyon algoritması kullanılarak ulaşıldı. Genel olarak kan hücresi tiplerinin sınıflandırılmasında WBC tanımlamasında 1,0'a yakın sonuç elde edildi. Daha sonra RBC tanımlaması yaklaşık olarak 0,93 doğrulukla elde edilirken trombositler 0,96 doğrulukla tanımlandı. Bu sonuçlar, önerilen sistemin kan hücresi tanımlamasının manuel sürecini otomatikleştirmeye yönelik etkili bir araç olarak kullanılabileceğini göstermektedir.

Background/Objectives: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a malignant disease that requires rapid and reliable diagnosis to determine the correct treatment protocol and to manage the disease effectively. However, the fact that the textural and morphological features obtained from medical images do not differ even among different tumor types poses a significant diagnostic challenge for radiologists. In addition, the subjective nature of visual assessments made by experts and interobserver variability may cause uncertainties in the diagnostic process. Methods: In this study, a deep learning-based hybrid model using multiphase magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data is proposed to provide accurate classification of RCC subtypes and to provide a decision support mechanism to radiologists. The proposed model performs a more comprehensive analysis by combining the T2 phase obtained before the administration of contrast material with the arterial (A) and venous (V) phases recorded after the injection of contrast material. Results: The model performs RCC subtype classification at the end of a five-step process. These are regions of interest (ROI), preprocessing, augmentation, feature extraction, and classification. A total of 1275 MRI images from different phases were classified with SVM, and 90% accuracy was achieved. Conclusions: The findings reveal that the integration of multiphase MRI data and deep learning-based models can provide a significant improvement in RCC subtype classification and contribute to clinical decision support processes.

Background/Objectives: Video laryngoscopy is one of the primary methods used by otolaryngologists for detecting and classifying laryngeal lesions. However, the diagnostic process of these images largely relies on clinicians’ visual inspection, which can lead to overlooked small structural changes, delayed diagnosis, and interpretation errors. Methods: AI-based approaches are becoming increasingly critical for accelerating early-stage diagnosis and improving reliability. This study proposes a hybrid Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architecture that eliminates repetitive and clinically insignificant frames from videos, utilizing only meaningful key frames. Video data from healthy individuals, patients with vocal fold nodules, and those with vocal fold polyps were summarized using three different threshold values with the Structural Similarity Index Measure (SSIM). Results: The resulting key frames were then classified using a hybrid CNN. Experimental findings demonstrate that selecting an appropriate threshold can significantly reduce the model’s memory usage and processing load while maintaining accuracy. In particular, a threshold value of 0.90 provided richer information content thanks to the selection of a wider variety of frames, resulting in the highest success rate. Fine-tuning the last 20 layers of the MobileNetV2 and Xception backbones, combined with the fusion of extracted features, yielded an overall classification accuracy of 98%. Conclusions: The proposed approach provides a mechanism that eliminates unnecessary data and prioritizes only critical information in video-based diagnostic processes, thus helping physicians accelerate diagnostic decisions and reduce memory requirements.

Synthetic images have gained significant popularity, producing high-quality visuals that are challenging to distinguish from real images. Computer-generated images have become increasingly realistic and misleading as artificial intelligence models advance. The easy dissemination of synthetic images online has raised concerns about their potential misuse. An automated detection system has become essential to safeguard personal privacy. Such a system is also critical for preventing manipulation, maintaining social order, and preserving the authenticity of images. This study compares lightweight and dense models for real-fake classification tasks. In the first phase, the performance of lightweight models on the dataset is analyzed, followed by an assessment of dense models in the second phase. When the best-performing lightweight model, EfficientNetV2B0, is combined in a hybrid with the top dense model, DenseNet201, an 88% accuracy rate is observed. Moreover, a hybrid of the two most effective dense models, DenseNet121 and DenseNet201, achieved an accuracy of 89% on the test dataset. Experimental results indicate that DenseNet networks excelling in finer details achieve preferable outcomes on synthetic data.