Cancer is a devastating disease that has significant psychological and biological impacts. Generally, lung cancer primarily affects men while breast cancer primarily affects women. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the levels of anxiety and depression in patients with these prevalent cancer types, as well as their perceptions of the illness and any potential connections between them. The study included a total of 252 participants, consisting of 110 breast cancer patients, 112 lung cancer patients, and 30 healthy individuals as controls. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) were administered to assess mood, while the Illness Perception Questionnaire (IPQ) was used to evaluate cancer perceptions. Results revealed that both breast cancer and lung cancer patients had significantly higher BDI and BAI scores compared to the control group. Furthermore, the BDI and BAI scores were lower in breast cancer patients compared to lung cancer patients. The IPQ causal representation–immunity score was significantly higher in lung cancer patients than in breast cancer patients (p = 0.01). Positive correlations were found between BDI scores and BAI scores, as well as between BDI scores and certain subscale scores of the IPQ related to illness representation and causal representation. Additionally, a positive correlation was observed between BAI scores and the IPQ illness representation–timeline acute/chronic subscale, while a negative correlation was found between BAI scores and the IPQ causal representation–accident or chance scores. Overall, the study findings demonstrated that breast and lung cancer patients possess negative perceptions of their disease and experience high levels of anxiety and depression. To enhance the quality of life and promote resilience in these patients, it is recommended to incorporate psychological interventions that consider anxiety, depression, and disease perception.

Background/Objectives: Video laryngoscopy is one of the primary methods used by otolaryngologists for detecting and classifying laryngeal lesions. However, the diagnostic process of these images largely relies on clinicians’ visual inspection, which can lead to overlooked small structural changes, delayed diagnosis, and interpretation errors. Methods: AI-based approaches are becoming increasingly critical for accelerating early-stage diagnosis and improving reliability. This study proposes a hybrid Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architecture that eliminates repetitive and clinically insignificant frames from videos, utilizing only meaningful key frames. Video data from healthy individuals, patients with vocal fold nodules, and those with vocal fold polyps were summarized using three different threshold values with the Structural Similarity Index Measure (SSIM). Results: The resulting key frames were then classified using a hybrid CNN. Experimental findings demonstrate that selecting an appropriate threshold can significantly reduce the model’s memory usage and processing load while maintaining accuracy. In particular, a threshold value of 0.90 provided richer information content thanks to the selection of a wider variety of frames, resulting in the highest success rate. Fine-tuning the last 20 layers of the MobileNetV2 and Xception backbones, combined with the fusion of extracted features, yielded an overall classification accuracy of 98%. Conclusions: The proposed approach provides a mechanism that eliminates unnecessary data and prioritizes only critical information in video-based diagnostic processes, thus helping physicians accelerate diagnostic decisions and reduce memory requirements.

Background/Objectives: Artificial intelligence (AI) has attracted great interest due to its applicability in many fields. The adoption of visual illustration techniques produced by AI in the field of graphic design has further expanded the field of use of this technology. This study focuses on foot anatomy illustrations generated by Adobe Firefly and Microsoft Designer Image Creator applications, evaluating them based on detail, clarity, anatomical realism, accuracy, and aesthetic appeal. Methods: The illustrations were created using text-based scripts, and five anatomists compared them to traditional illustrations from the Sobotta Atlas of Human Anatomy. Results: Fleiss’ Kappa statistic was used to analyze consistency among expert evaluations. For the four figures generated by both AI applications, Fleiss’ Kappa agreement was high. Adobe Firefly performed slightly better in illustrating phalanx and ankle bones, but its anatomical accuracy was lower for tarsal and metatarsal bones. Microsoft Designer Image Creator excelled in illustrating metatarsal bones, while its tarsal and phalanx illustrations were less anatomically accurate than Adobe Firefly and the atlas drawings. Both programs showed average realism in ankle structures, while the tarsal bones had low realism. Conclusions: Artificial intelligence applications within the scope of the study showed fast performance. Aesthetic appeal is dominant at first glance in the resulting drawings. In general, both applications have struggled to reflect anatomical reality.

Background: No research has yet examined the potential association between criminal activity, schizophrenia, and the second-to-fourth digit ratio (2D:4D). Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate if the 2D:4D differs between patients with schizophrenia with and without criminal activities. Methods: There were 143 male participants in the study: 50 healthy controls and 93 patients with schizophrenia (51 with and 42 without a criminal history). The participants completed the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS), the Buss–Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ), and sociodemographic forms. A digital caliper was used to measure finger lengths in order to compute 2D:4D ratios. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was used to measure the severity of schizophrenia. Results: BPAQ, BIS, and PANSS scores were considerably higher in schizophrenia patients with a criminal background than in those without. Schizophrenia patients with a criminal background had considerably lower right and left 2D:4D ratios than controls. Schizophrenia patients with a criminal background had a significantly lower left 2D:4D ratio than those without. In people with schizophrenia, lower 2D:4D ratios in both hands—particularly the left—are linked to criminal behavior. Conclusion: The left 2D:4D ratio in a schizophrenia patients with criminal history was a significantly lower compared with those without. Therefore, in individuals with schizophrenia, the left 2D:4D ratio may serve as an early predictor of criminal behavior. This non-invasive anatomical measurement may have the potential to help forensic investigators identify those who are more likely to commit crimes, hence improving public safety.

Background/Objectives: Sepsis remains one of the leading causes of mortality, yet its etiopathogenesis is still not fully understood. This study aimed to investigate the effects of cetirizine and dexamethasone (alone and in combination) on serum levels of Maresin-1 (MaR-1), TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 in a rat model of sepsis induced by the cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) method. Methods: Male Sprague Dawley rats aged 8–10 weeks were used and randomly divided into 7 groups, each containing 7 rats: Group 1 (Control), Group 2 (Sham), Group 3 (Sepsis), Group 4 (Sepsis + Saline), Group 5 (Sepsis + Cetirizine), Group 6 (Sepsis + Dexamethasone), and Group 7 (Sepsis + Cetirizine + Dexamethasone). Sepsis was induced via CLP in all groups except Control and Sham. Results: In the sepsis groups (G3–G7), neutrophil and white blood cell counts increased while lymphocyte counts decreased (p < 0.05). In groups treated with cetirizine and/or dexamethasone (G5–G7), a significant decrease in neutrophils and an increase in lymphocytes were observed. MaR-1 levels significantly decreased (p < 0.05) in all sepsis-induced groups compared to controls, while interleukin levels significantly increased. Cetirizine and dexamethasone supplementation significantly increased MaR-1 levels and decreased interleukin levels (p < 0.05). The combined treatment was more effective. Conclusions: This study is the first to highlight the potential of MaR-1 as a critical biomarker in sepsis diagnosis and monitoring, and cetirizine and dexamethasone, especially in combination, may represent a promising therapeutic option in sepsis management.