Primary pulmonary sarcoma and mesothelioma are rare malignancies. The review article discusses the appearance of these tumors in B-mode ultrasound (US), color Doppler ultrasound and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS). In particular, the article is intended to inspire the examination of thoracic wall tumors and pleural masses with the possibilities of ultrasonography and to obtain histologically evaluable material using US or CEUS-guided sampling.

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the impact of intralesional bony overgrowth (ILBO) after cartilage repair on the integrity of opposing articulating cartilage (OpAC) using T2 mapping and to correlate these findings with clinical outcomes. Methods: In this multicenter study, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations were performed in the follow-up after cartilage repair (Microfracturing (MFX) and Matrix-Induced Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation (MACI)) in 45 patients up to 5 years after surgery. T2 values of the OpAC after 3, 12, and 60 months in patients with and without ILBO after 60 months were conducted along with clinical assessments (International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) and Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS)). Results: At 60 months post-surgery, 44.4% of patients presented with ILBO, which was associated with significantly higher T2 values in OpAC ( P = 0.004). A tendency toward increased T2 values was observed after 12 months, although this did not reach statistical significance ( P = 0.06). However, no significant differences were found in clinical outcomes between patients with or without ILBO, nor between those with or without T2 values comparable to reference cartilage. Conclusion: ILBO significantly affects the biophysical MRI properties of OpAC as indicated by higher T2 values after 60 months. These alterations, though not reflected in any clinical score, can suggest potential long-term implications for cartilage degeneration and may inform future monitoring strategies for cartilage repair. Further research is required to evaluate the long-term effects of these altered mechanical impacts on articulating cartilage and their clinical implications.

Objectives: Cartilage repair (CR) surgery and anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACL-R) are common joint procedures, particularly in younger patients. However, the impact of prior or concurrent ACL-R on the outcomes of CR remains uncertain. This study aimed to evaluate whether ACL-R affects the structural quality and clinical outcomes of CR tissue. Methods: In this retrospective multicenter study, 71 patients undergoing CR were followed up with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and clinical evaluations at 3, 12, and 60 months. Of these, 22 patients underwent ACL-R before or during CR. Morphological assessment was performed using Magnetic Resonance Observation of Cartilage Repair Tissue (MOCART) 2.0 scores; compositional analysis included T2 mapping ( n = 45). Patient-reported outcome measures (PROM) were assessed at all time points. Statistical tests included the Mann–Whitney U -test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and simulation-based power analysis. Results: MOCART 2.0 scores and T2 mapping values showed no significant group differences at any time point. Both groups demonstrated significant improvements in PROMs from baseline to 60 months. However, at 60 months, the ACL-R group had significantly lower PROMs than the non-ACL-R group. Conclusion: Although long-term clinical outcomes were worse in patients with ACL-R, all PROMs improved significantly from baseline to 60 months in both groups. MRI showed no significant differences in focal CR tissue quality, suggesting structural success regardless of ACL-R. While ACL-R patients remain at higher risk of joint degeneration, they can still experience mid-term clinical benefit from CR. These findings support its use in ACL-R patients when joint function is properly restored and expectations are managed.

Background/Objectives: The ultra-high-resolution (UHR) mode of photon-counting detector computed tomography (PCD-CT) is the most dose-intensive series of a multiphase pancreatic protocol in relation to its scan length, and the pancreas cannot be localised on a topogram. We assessed whether an ultra-low-dose (ULD) unenhanced planning series reduces its scan range and dose without compromising complete depiction of the pancreas. Methods: In this prospective single-centre study, 61 pancreatic protocol examinations in 56 patients were performed on a first-generation dual-source PCD-CT. Following a protocol change, the UHR scan range was planned from the topogram in group A (n = 30) and from a ULD unenhanced series in group B (n = 31). Dose indices, scan length, margins to the pancreas and completeness of depiction were recorded. Results: The UHR scan range was 27% shorter in group B (114 vs. 160 mm; p < 0.001), driven by the cranial margin (−58%; p < 0.001) rather than the caudal margin (p = 0.076). Neither the volume CT dose index nor the size-specific dose estimate of the UHR series differed (p = 0.74 and p = 0.35), yet its dose–length product fell by 25% (p = 0.003) and its share of the dose excluding the mandatory venous phase fell from 62.0% to 50.7% (p < 0.001). The total dose was 7.5% lower without reaching significance (p = 0.37). Incomplete depiction occurred in 5 of 30 vs. 5 of 31 examinations (p = 1.00). The body habitus was closely matched. Conclusions: A ULD planning series was associated with a more tightly targeted UHR pancreatic phase, with a 27% shorter scan range and a 25% lower dose–length product for that series, and with no detected increase in incomplete depiction of the pancreas. With topogram-based planning alone, over-scanning was most pronounced at the cranial border. The reduction was confined to the ultra-high-resolution series and was statistically significant there; the total examination dose was lower with ultra-low-dose planning, but this difference was not statistically significant and no conclusion about total dose should be drawn from it.

Thickening of the medial plantar proper digital nerve (MPPDN) along the medial aspect of the big toe is frequently observed incidentally during high-resolution ultrasound examinations in asymptomatic individuals. However, the clinical significance of these findings remains unclear, as no study has definitively linked them to symptoms. Although the localization and visualization of the medial plantar nerve using ultrasound have been documented, its cross-sectional area has not yet been utilized to assess thickening at this specific site. The study aimed to assess the frequency and specific locations of MPPDN thickening in asymptomatic individuals and to identify associated characteristics. In this prospective study, high-resolution ultrasound examination of the MPPDN was performed on asymptomatic volunteers. The cross-sectional areas and their changes along the course of the nerve are evaluated descriptively. Potential contributing demographic factors in participants are captured. 56 asymptomatic volunteers, 30 women and 26 men (median age: 28, range: 20–69) participated in this study. 22 individuals (39.3%) showed thickening of the MPPDN at the interphalangeal joint either in one or both feet. More participants above the median population age of 28 showed thickening of the MPPDN (15 [57.7%] versus 7 [23.3%] p = 0.009). Thickening of the MPPDN is frequently observed in asymptomatic individuals, with the likelihood of these findings increasing with age. The pathological significance should however not be overestimated and should be assessed in a clinical context.

Background/Objectives: Pleura-based pulmonary nodules in soft-tissue sarcoma (STS) patients remain diagnostically challenging, and entity-specific contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) data are scarce. We aimed to characterize CEUS perfusion patterns of pleura-based STS pulmonary metastases in a pilot cohort. Methods: We investigated a single-center retrospective cohort at a tertiary STS referral center (Dec 2024–Dec 2025). Of 51 consecutive STS patients with suspected pulmonary metastases screened, 32 lacked pleural contact and 6 were excluded for logistical reasons; the remaining 13 underwent standardized CEUS of a pleura-contacting lesion (≥5 mm) visible on B-mode lung ultrasound (B-LUS), with 1 excluded on biopsy (anaplastic lymphoma). The reference standard combined histology, therapy-related size reduction of the index lesion, and/or documented distant metastatic STS. Two readers rated all examinations independently, with adjudication by a third senior reader. Wilson 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and Cohen’s κ were computed. Results: In the 12 analyzed patients (mean age 58.8 ± 17.8 years; 7 male), the index lesion was histologically confirmed in 4 (33.3%). On CEUS, bronchial-arterial (BA) enhancement predominated (10/12; 83.3%, 95% CI 55.2–95.3%) and pulmonary-arterial timing occurred in 2/12 (16.7%). Marked enhancement was present in 9/12 (75.0%), homogeneous in 8/12 (66.7%), and rapid washout (<120 s) in all lesions (12/12; 100%, 95% CI 75.8–100%). Inter-reader agreement was substantial to almost perfect for the diagnostically relevant CEUS perfusion variables (enhancement κ = 0.75; EE κ = 0.80; HE κ = 0.82) and moderate for the descriptive shape variable (Form κ = 0.47). Conclusions: In this selected pilot cohort, pleura-based STS lung metastases most commonly showed BA-dominant enhancement with universal rapid washout. The findings are hypothesis-generating and require validation in larger, prospective multicenter cohorts.