Soil carbon accumulation is largely dependent on net primary productivity. To our knowledge, there have been no studies investigating the dynamics of carbon accumulation in weathered subtropical soils, especially in managed eucalyptus plantations. We quantified the seasonal input of leaf litter, the leaf decomposition rate and soil carbon stocks in an commercial plantation of Eucalyptus saligna Labill. in southern Brazil. Our goal was to evaluate, through multiple linear regression, the influence that certain chemical characteristics of litter, as well as chemical and physical characteristics of soil, have on carbon accumulation in soil organic matter fractions. Variables related to the chemical composition of litter were not associated with the soil carbon stock in the particulate and mineral fractions. However, certain soil characteristics were significantly associated with the carbon stock in both fractions. The concentrations of nutrients associated with plant growth and productivity, such as phosphorus, sulfur, copper and zinc, were associated with variations in the labile carbon pool (particulate fraction). Clay content was strongly associated with the carbon stock in the mineral fraction. The carbon accumulation and stabilization in weathered subtropical Ultisol seems to be mainly associated with the intrinsic characteristics of the soil, particularly clay content, rather than with the quantity, chemical composition or decomposition rate of the litter

Flood events in riparian forests of southern Brazil, can be characterized as unpredictable and of low magnitude with an average duration of less than 15 days. Inga marginata is an evergreen tree which grows in Southeast South America on a wide range of environments, including riparian forests. In this paper, the interactive effects of the light environment and soil flooding on morphological parameters of I. marginata were examined. Seedlings were acclimated in two contrasting light conditions: sun or shade for 30 days. Sun and shade plants were subjected to soil flooding for two periods; five or 15 days. After 5 days, the interaction between flooding and light did not affect growth, chlorophyll content and dry mass or the root-shoot ratio. After 15 days, flooded plants from the sunny treatment had a lower shoot dry mass compared to control sun plants and flooded plants from the shaded treatment. Moreover, the higher dry mass observed for shade plants compared to sun plants, following flooding, can also be directly associated with a higher content of soluble sugars. Shade plants of I. marginata showed a greater acclimation to soil waterlogging. This acclimation appears to be associated with a larger accumulation of soluble sugars compared to non-flooded plants. The responses observed on the shade plants appear to be decisive to indicate the use of I. marginata in degraded areas.

A presença de água no solo, tanto em regime temporário quanto permanente, exige diferentes estratégias adaptativas das espécies vegetais que ocupam estas áreas. Neste sentido, investigamos as respostas morfológicas e de alocação de biomassa em plântulas de Cedrela fissilis Vell. (Meliaceae) submetidas a diferentes amplitudes e intensidades de inundação. Plântulas de Cedrela fissilis foram submetidas a duas intensidades de inundação (submersão ao nível de coleto e total) em três diferentes amplitudes (cinco, 15 e 20 dias) e após 30, 60 e 90 dias de recuperação da condição de inundação foram realizadas avaliações da altura da parte aérea, número de folhas, diâmetro do colo e índices de clorofila a, b e, total. Após 90 dias de recuperação, a altura total, diâmetro da raiz, comprimento da raiz, biomassa total, área foliar e o crescimento das raízes foram avaliados. Plântulas não inundadas constituíram um grupo controle. As plântulas submetidas à inundação total não sobreviveram. Por outro lado, as plântulas sob inundação parcial recuperaram a taxa de crescimento ao longo dos 90 dias de recuperação da inundação. Não foram observadas diferenças nas variáveis de crescimento e alocação de biomassa em relação às plântulas-controle. Todavia, observou-se que durante o período de recuperação, as plântulas submetidas a 20 dias de inundação parcial apresentaram maior taxa de abscisão foliar acompanhado por um aumento nos índices de clorofila a e b. Os resultados indicaram que esta espécie apresenta tolerância à intensidade de inundação parcial, devendo ser cuidadosamente selecionada quanto às áreas de plantio.

The principle and the techniques applied in DNA extraction play a pivotal role in the obtention of a purified genetic material. The present study investigates the efficiency of eight protocols in the DNA extraction of Hypostomus commersoni, an essential component of South American freshwater ichthyofauna. The quality of samples was assessed through spectrophotometry, gel electrophoresis, and PCR-RAPD markers amplification. The efficiency of DNA extraction was influenced both by the method applied and the target-tissue of choice. Higher concentrations and yield of DNA were obtained from ocular tissue, with a positive spectrum of incubation in lysis buffer for up to 36 hours after sample collection, using fresh tissues and in the presence of a high concentration of Proteinase K (20 mg.ml-1). In these conditions, samples were successfully amplified. To date, there is no record of description for the parameters analyzed in this work, neither the description of RAPD markers for the species H. commersoni.