In the context of increasingly extreme high temperatures during the summer in cold regions, the spatial vitality of urban blocks is significantly affected. In order to enhance the summer vitality of sustainable urban neighborhoods, this study explores the mechanisms of street elements and vitality under the guidance of thermal comfort. Taking an urban pedestrian street in Sanlitun, Beijing, during a summer day as the research subject, this study systematically analyzed the impact of environmental factors such as street orientation, aspect ratio, three-dimensional greenery of trees, and tree spacing on the thermal comfort of street space. By quantitatively analyzing the relationship between thermal comfort and pedestrian vitality in different street spaces, this study reveals the mechanisms by which environmental factors enhance the summer usability and spatial vitality of pedestrian streets. The research results indicate that street vitality shows a gradually increasing trend throughout the day, particularly between 12:00 and 16:00, when thermal comfort significantly affects people’s vitality. Furthermore, univariate analysis reveals that the street aspect ratio is the primary factor influencing the spatial vitality of the southern section of the Sanlitun Taikoo Li pedestrian street, with a characteristic average of 8.28 over a week. Finally, the results of the multi-factor analysis show that, when enhancing street vitality, priority should be given to the interactions between street aspect ratio, tree greenery, temperature, and physiological equivalent temperature, where the correlation coefficient between street aspect ratio and vitality is 0.70, and that between temperature and physiological equivalent temperature is 0.63, both showing positive correlations. Research shows that, in street planning, a reasonable building aspect ratio (1:2 to 1:4) and scientific green design are key. By carefully controlling the planting density and greenery configuration of trees, optimal street space effects can be achieved. This study proposes sustainable urban design strategies by optimizing street space design and improving environmental thermal comfort, aiming to enhance the summer vitality of urban blocks in cold regions and advocate for a sustainable development model that combines ecological and social benefits.

In the context of global warming and the frequent occurrence of extreme weather, coastal cities are more susceptible to the heat island effect and localized microclimate problems due to the significant influence of the oceanic climate. This study proposes a computer-driven simulation optimization method based on a multi-objective optimization algorithm, combined with tools such as Grasshopper, Ladybug, Honeybee and Wallacei, to provide scientific optimization decision intervals for morphology control and evaluation factors at the initial stage of coastal city block design. The effectiveness of this optimization strategy is verified through empirical research on typical coastal neighborhoods in Dalian. The results show that the strategy derived from the multi-objective optimization-based evaluation significantly improves the wind environment and thermal comfort of Dalian neighborhoods in winter and summer: the optimization reduced the average wind speed inside the block by 0.47 m/s and increased the UTCI by 0.48 °C in winter, and it increased the wind speed to 1.5 m/s and decreased the UTCI by 0.59 °C in summer. This study shows that the use of simulation assessment and multi-objective optimization technology to adjust the block form of coastal cities can effectively improve the seasonal wind and heat environment and provide a scientific basis for the design and renewal of coastal cities.

College student military training is an organized, high-intensity, short-term militarized activity in China; this study aims to explore the differences in thermal perception between different intensities of military training. Questionnaires and microclimate measurements were conducted during summer military training in cold regions, including the Protective and Rescue Training and Assessment (PRTA), Formation Training (FT), the Shooting and Tactical Training and Assessment (STTA), the Route March (RM), and Dagger Practice (DP). The results indicated that (1) there was no significant correlation between the intensity of the activity and votes on thermal perception. The strongest thermal sensations, the lowest comfort, and the lowest thermal acceptability were experienced during FT, with a lower activity intensity. (2) Air temperature (T_a), globe temperature (T_g), relative humidity (RH), mean radiant temperature (T_mrt), and solar radiation (G) had significant effects on the TSV. (3) FT involved the lowest neutral temperatures (NUTCI/NPET), while DP and RM training had the highest NUTCI and NPET values, respectively. The neutral temperature range during military training was narrower compared to that in other aerobic activities. This study reveals, for the first time, the non-traditional correlation between military training intensity and thermal perception, confirming the specificity of thermal sensations in mandatory training and providing a theoretical basis for optimizing military training arrangements and developing thermal protection strategies.