Effective waste elimination is critical for the success of construction projects. Although several studies have focused on various aspects of construction waste, limited efforts have yet to investigate the dynamic effect of Making-Do (MD) practices on productivity, rework, defects, and material waste. From a lean construction perspective, this study aims to address MD waste using the Last Planner System (LPS) and BIM. First, the causal structure that can cause MD in construction projects was expressed in a causal loop diagram (CLD), and thematic analysis uncovered the strategies of LPS-BIM to eliminate MD identified by reviewing the literature. Secondly, twenty-five strategies from the LPS and BIM strategies to address MD using structural equation modeling (SEM) were assessed. Subsequently, a system dynamics model (SDM) for investigating LPS-BIM strategies on MD decisions in a construction project was formulated based on the underlying causal loop diagrams and the mathematical relations among the variables. Finally, the model was applied to three projects, and simulations for four LPS-BIM scenarios were carried out. The findings show that dynamic interactions among diverse production planning and control factors are critical in evaluating MD impacts on a construction project. The results demonstrate that the LPS-BIM approach resulted in an average 43.8% reduction in the tasks performed with MD, 45.3% of constraints, 66.5% of construction waste, an increasing 13.7% completion rate, and a 29.3% cost reduction, demonstrating that LPS-BIM is a more efficient solution for MD mitigation and construction planning. This study aims to guide construction planners and policymakers to better manage their production constraints by eliminating negative MD practices from their plans.

The study of making-do contributes to improvements in the planning and control of construction sites, thus minimizing waste. The present study aims to investigate and analyze waste by making-do in seven companies from Goiás with the aid of a Dashboard and perform the risk analysis of the identified waste. Data were analyzed during the technical visits at each site, among which the direct non-participant observation, questionnaire application and document analysis stand out. The analysis of the data indicated that most of the waste is related to the steps of sealing and structure within the construction sites, in particular, for components connected to plastering and concreting. The main impact was rework, followed by reduced security. With the risk analysis, the main points were identified according to their severity, thus guiding management decision making. As final contributions, the main impacts and suggestions for their minimization are presented. Therefore, we highlight the need to use reality and information technology tools in future works for integrated production control and to assist in the identification of waste by making-do in construction sites.

Effective waste elimination is critical for the success of construction projects. Although several studies have focused on various aspects of construction waste, limited efforts have investigated the dynamic effect of Making-Do (MD) practices on productivity, rework, defects, and materials wastage. From a lean construction perspective, this study aims to address MD waste using the Last Planner System (LPS) and BIM. First, the casual structure that can cause MD in construction projects was expressed in a casual loop diagram (CLD), and thematic analysis uncovered the strategies of LPS-BIM to eliminate MD identified by reviewing the literature. Secondly, twenty-five strategies from the LPS and BIM strategies to address MD using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) were assessed. Subsequently, a system dynamics model (SDM) for investigating LPS-BIM strategies on MD decisions in a construction project was formulated based on the underlying causal loop diagrams and the mathematical relations among the variables. Finally, the model was applied to three projects, and simulations for four LPS-BIM scenarios were carried out. The findings show that dynamic interactions among diverse production planning and control factors are critical in evaluating MD impacts on a construction project. The results demonstrate that the LPS-BIM approach resulted in an average 43.8% reduction in the tasks performed with MD, 45.3% of constraints, 66.5% of construction waste, increasing 13.7% completion rate, and 29.3% cost reduction, demonstrating that LPS-BIM as a more efficient solution for MD mitigation and construction planning.

RESUMO: As práticas da construção enxuta vêm sendo difundidas de forma progressiva na indústria da construção civil e, com isso, surge a indispensabilidade de mecanismos que permitam a avaliação de sua implementação. As empresas podem aplicar os princípios da Lean Constuction possibilitando os meios para uma melhoria contínua de seus resultados em termos de prazos, custos e demanda ao cliente. O objetivo do trabalho é aplicar a ferramenta de avaliação da implementação da Construção Enxuta (LCAT) em três empresas construtoras goianas. A pesquisa é classificada como quantitativa e qualitativa, aplicada e de caráter exploratório. A partir da análise dos dados referentes à média de todas as quatro categorias (Gestão da Qualidade, Gestão da Cadeia de Suprimentos, Planejamento e Controle da Produção e Gestão de Projetos), as empresas B e C apresentaram percentuais próximos entre si, correspondendo a 61% e 62%, respectivamente. Esses resultados foram superiores ao da empresa A, equivalendo a 53%. A principal contribuição da pesquisa constituiu em evidenciar as práticas para a implementação da Lean Construction nas empresas pesquisadas e despertar a estas indicações de ferramentas que podem ser facilmente implementadas a um baixo custo. The practices of lean construction have been progressively diffused in the civil construction industry, and with this, comes up the indispensability of mechanisms that allow the evaluation of their implementation. Companies can apply the principles of Lean Constuction by enabling them to continuously improve their results in terms of deadlines, costs and customer demand. The objective of this work is to apply the Lean Construction Assessment Tool (LCAT) in three construction companies in Goiás. The research is classified as quantitative and qualitative, applied and exploratory. Based on the analysis of the data for the average of all four categories (Quality Management, Supply Chain Management, Production Planning and Control and Project Management), companies B and C had close percentages, corresponding to 61 % And 62%, respectively. These results were superior to that of company A, equivalent to 53%. The main contribution of the research was to highlight the practices for the implementation of Lean Construction in the companies surveyed and to awaken to these indications of tools that can be easily implemented at a low cost.