STUDY OF THE DEGRADATION OF CHLORPYRIFOS IN CONTAMINATED SOILS IN THE PRESENCE OF THE RED CALIFORNIA EARTHWORM Eisenia foetida

This paper presents a comprehensive technology-oriented review of aerospace development in Peru, integrating historical scientific infrastructure, suborbital experimentation, orbital satellite missions, and a systematic literature review of contemporary engineering research. Beyond a descriptive historical account, the study evaluates national aerospace capabilities from a system-engineering perspective, emphasizing technology readiness levels (TRL), subsystem integration, and validation environments. A regional comparison based on UNOOSA, CelesTrak, and nanosatellite databases contextualizes Peru’s orbital activity within South America. Furthermore, a systematic literature review using the PRISMA 2020 methodology was performed covering the period 2000–2025. The systematic literature review identifies nine major aerospace research lines, quantifies institutional participation through bibliometric analysis, and assigns TRLs using consistent criteria derived from reported experimental and operational evidence. The results reveal a fragmented yet progressively maturing ecosystem, characterized by strong analytical and laboratory-level capabilities (TRL 2–5) but limited system-level integration and flight-qualified developments (TRLs $N\ge 6$). These findings highlight structural gaps in program continuity, test infrastructure, and transition mechanisms from academic prototyping to operational aerospace systems. Overall, this work establishes a technology assessment baseline for an emerging space nation, providing evidence-based insights relevant to aerospace engineering, technology management, and capacity-building strategies in developing space ecosystems.

The use of profenofos (PFF) increased due to its effectiveness against pests resistant to other organophosphates (OP). Its presence in the environment could produce acute or chronic poisoning for people who use it for daily agricultural activities as well as for people who get in contact with polluted soil, water, air or food. In this context, proposing alternatives to accelerate OP degradation processes is important. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to evaluate for 28 days the degradation process of PFF in soils with 50 mg PFF/kg (pH = 7.20 +/- 0.31) using Eisenia foetida (EF) and native bacteria (NB). The "control group" showed a PFF degradation of 52.95 +/- 1.69% in sterilized soils. NB achieved a degradation of 63.60 +/- 3.27%, EF degraded PFF by 72.65 +/- 1.92% and the combination of EF and NB, 79.21 +/- 1.79%. Bacteria with potential PFF degradation capacity were isolated and identified as Klebsiella oxytoca and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It was shown that EF play an important role by accelerating the degradation of PFF in soils, presenting a possible synergy with Klebsiella oxytoca and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

The present study the influence of dust, wind and rain on the performance of a photovoltaic was evaluated. To determine efficiency of panels influenced by external factors, a system was designed and installed, voltage, electric current, solar irradiance and temperatures were measured. Three types of dust were used to simulate the atmospheric dust; cement, ashlar and clay. Parameter considered for deposition of the powders was surface density (g/m(2)). Particle size was determined by granulometry, samples were analyzed by SEM/EDS. For the wind factor, three speeds were determined within a range of average speeds recorded in urban areas, tests were carried out in natural rain conditions. Results show that 06:00 a.m. to 5:30 p.m. energy generation efficiency of panels decreases due to increase of dust deposition. As well, it is shown that influence of wind increases efficiency slightly and that the performance of panels is directly influenced in rainy conditions.

The current research project consisted of discoloring water contaminated by the textile dye Red TS3B, utilizing ultraviolet radiation and ZnO as a photocatalyst, towards this end, a spectrophotometric method for the quantification of dye was validated, and this method presented an adequate linearity and sensibility. For the discoloration trial run, a factorial design (2²), in order to optimize the experimental factors of pH and ZnO dosage per 250 mL of solution, was executed. The best discoloration was achieved at 180 minutes of photocatalytic reaction, when it worked with a pH of 11 and a dosage of 0.2 g of ZnO per 250 mL of colored solution, achieving a degradation percentage of 97.5 % of dye in solution.