Assessment model of ‘radiation risk’ of residents of the territories where there are dumps and tailing dams of uranium mines is offered in the article. Calculations are carried out for four Republics of Central Asia. Residents of the Kyrgyz Republic are subject to the greatest ‘radiation risk’. Unlike ICRP and ECRR models, offered model relies on radiation monitoring of territory, which adjoins to radiation-hazardous objects (mines, tailing dams, processing enterprises, etc.). In case of excess of a natural radiation background, it is necessary to apply measures for the protection of the population against radiation in any its doses to this territory. The offered model focuses the attention to need of individual dosimetry of all population of the region, country on the basis of, for example, solid-state individual dosimetry (TLDs). It allows to determine radiation dose received by the person in month or year that is when there is a need in it. Conclusions from the analysis of results of modelling of ‘radiation risk’ play a big role, first of all, in such direction as occupational medicine which can give practical recommendations about preserving health and working ability of residents of the ‘radiation-hazardous’ territories.

Geochemical specialization of the Shubarkol deposit coals

Purpose. Development of physical and mathematical model linking nanostructured surface layer of coal substance with geodynamic phenomena of coal seam, through adhesion energy of different layers and coal grades, melting temperature of the nanolayer, determination of the role of stress-strain state of the seam in the formation of fine coal and methane at their emissions into the mine workings. Methodology. Mathematical and experimental studies of the regular change in the surface layer of coal substance depending on the grade of coals for different formations of the Karaganda basin; assessment of the influence of the surface layer of coal on the adhesion energy, which determines the stress-strain state of the coal seam. Physical methods for studying the decomposition temperature of methane-bearing coal seams, changes in its concentration, reaction rate of methane release from coals. Findings. A regular decrease in the thickness of the surface nanolayer of coal substance in different coal grades and formations in the metamorphic series of coals is shown. It has been found that this decrease is accompanied by an increase in surface energy and adhesion energy. The connection of gas-dynamic phenomena with stress-strain state of coal seam, which forms fine-dispersed structure of coal, forms of methane location, activation energy of solid coal-methane solution, rate of thermal decomposition reaction, critical stresses determining development of cracks in coal substance is shown. Originality. For the first time, a physical model for calculating the thickness of the surface nanolayer and its surface energy for coals of different grades of the Karaganda basin has been developed; the relationship between the thickness of the nanolayer and the melting temperature, adhesion energy, linking the stress-strain state of the coal bed in the zone of gas-dynamic phenomena and the concentration of methane has been established. The value of internal stresses in the surface layer of coals of different grades has been found to be a constant value. Connection of activation energy of decomposition of solid coal-methane solution from Gibbs energy and methane concentration, which explains its significant amount in gas-dynamic phenomena, has been established. Practical value. The physical and mathematical model describes the influence of surface coal on the processes occurring in the zone of gas-dynamic phenomena and the regularities of their changes depending on the thickness of the surface nanolayer determining such parameters as: stress-strain state, dispersion of coals, as well as the release of a large amount of methane at the sudden release of coal gas into the mine workings.

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Purpose. To study and assess the possibility of effective application of electrical prospecting by magnetotelluric sounding (MT-sounding) and to determine the range of geological problems to be solved in the geoelectric conditions of the Shu-Sarysu geotraverse. Methodology. The issues of methodology of modern technologies of field observations, peculiarities of processing and interpretation of MT-sounding data are considered, which showed that modern instrumental and methodical electrical survey technologies of MT-sounding allow obtaining results of field measurements of increased reliability, due to their accuracy, productivity, mobility, noise immunity, level of automation. To identify the main features of the geoelectric structure of the Earth’s crust and the upper mantle, the modern technique of interpreting MT data allows for 1, 2D inversion of the effective curves of apparent resistivity and impedance phase. Findings. Based on MT-sounding data, a geoelectric section of the Shu-Sarysu geotraverse was constructed, characterizing the position and morphology of five geoelectric boundaries in the crustal section in the 0–40 km depth interval. The identified five geoelectric horizons show good coincidence with the conventional seismic horizons and confidently correlate with the geological references established by GIS data. Originality. On the basis of MT-sounding studies, the geological interpretation of the structure of suprasalt and subsalt structural-formation complexes is presented; the geological efficiency of MT-sounding electrical prospecting in revealing the complex structures in the conditions of the Shu-Sarysu geotraverse is shown. On the basis of model constructions of the geoelectric section, new data on the deep geological structure of the Shu-Sarysu geotraverse were obtained: new data on the structure of Mesozoic terrigenous-sedimentary rock complexes and the Paleozoic part of the section with the allocation of the supposed faults; on the basis of MT-sounding results, recommendations for further detailed geological exploration work were given. Practical value. A comprehensive interpretation is recommended of the obtained MT-sounding data together with the results of geological and geophysical research on the regional profile in order to establish search criteria for the discovery of mineral deposits and the prospects of gas content in the area.

The increasing deployment of wind turbines in technologically advanced nations underscores the need to enhance their reliability, extend their operational lifespan, and minimize failures. The current protection devices for wind turbine components do not sufficiently shield them from various external factors that degrade performance. This study addresses the environmental and technical challenges that disrupt wind turbine operations and reviews existing research and technical solutions for protecting individual components, supported by experimental findings. Using a decomposition method followed by the integration of protection components, we propose a combined protection system designed to improve the overall resilience of wind turbines. The proposed system aims to reduce incidents, extend service life, and increase reliability, addressing a critical gap in wind energy technology and contributing to its continued development and efficiency.