The impact of human activity on the environment is an ongoing concern not only in the natural sciences but also in economics. Special attention is focused on the transport system, which is one of the largest producers of so-called externalities. However, its regulation may mean a serious disruption of global logistics links, which are crucial for maintaining international and national trade, gross domestic product formation and, therefore, to maintain the economic level to which mankind is accustomed to and which brings a quality of human life that is the highest in the human history. The article, therefore, examines possible economic approaches and theories to the problem of the relationship between human activity and the environment and the possible reduction of negative externalities. Typical approaches to dealing with externalities include the theories of the English economist Arthur Pigou, who proposed the application of various taxes and subsidies to limit the so-called social costs, whereas the extreme solution is the explicit prohibition of certain activities. In contrast to this approach is the theory known as the environmental Kuznets curve, which states the relationship between environmental damage and the economic performance of a given geographical area. It must be respected that the reduction of negative externalities, or their so-called internalisation, cannot be expected to be a trivial solution. The application of additional taxes or subsidies can lead to many unintended consequences, which may ultimately have a greater negative economic impact than the externalities themselves. Therefore, the conclusion of this article is devoted to a discussion of the potential risks of such regulatory interventions from the government position.

AGV-based intra-company transport systems are indispensable in the manufacturing industry of Industry 4.0. Designing the systems involves determining AGV movement paths that are predefined dynamically or adjusted based on real-time events. This study focuses on the simulation and optimization of an intelligent transport system. The aim is to create a system model with freely moving AGVs controlled based on the requirements of production facilities. The simulation model was designed in the Tecnomatix Plant Simulation environment. A fictional case study with a flexible manufacturing system was used. Specific methods have been developed for AGV operation, control, and dynamic product handling. The initial simulation model served as the basis for optimization. Model optimization, performed using a genetic algorithm, aimed to maximize production volume while minimizing the number of AGVs. Simulation results showed that AGV movements were dynamically adjusted based on real-time machine requests, and the optimal configuration of AGVs achieved a production volume that was significantly higher than the initial setup. This study demonstrates a new approach to modeling AGV traffic systems emphasizing real-time dynamic adjustments of AGV paths. The findings contribute to integrating intelligent transport systems into production processes, and this study provides valuable insights for future investigation in this area.

Logistics activities play in important role in supporting the production process fora wide range of products in many industries, such as the automotive or electrical engineering industries. In the automotive industry, they are present throughout the entire production cycle. To perform these activities, various technologies as well as economic aspects must be considered and employed. This contribution describes the technology of interior parts manufacturing for the automotive industry and specifies costs connected to the preparation and setting of machines and devices in individual workplaces as well as the cost items linked with their production and subsequent logistic activities.

The article deals with the current issues of combined transport; at the beginning, the crucial terms and definitions are stated. Combined transport is evaluated on the basis of statistics in the Czech Republic. According to these statistics, combined transport has a rising tendency, although the potential has not been fully utilized. The article defines reasons why carriers might choose only road transport. Problems of the utilization of combined transport from the carriers' point of view are mentioned; increased demand for organization and carriage in particular. Furthermore, it focuses onmodern trends in combined transport, especially in terms of modern technologies and the utilization of informatics systems. In the conclusion, the article also presents a method of economic evaluation of combined transport on the basis of its cost comparison with road transport.

The paper deals with the importance of regional airport for economic development of the particular region with the possibility to cover also freight transport. In technical terms it is called the logistics centre or Freight Village. The special emphasis is given to the Pardubice airport and to creation of logistics centre on the Elbe river. The logistics centre would link four types of transport – railway, road, air and inland water transport. Terminal of the combined transport, which lacks in long term in the region, is also a part of the logistics centre.